地震下建筑倒塌及城市次生灾害链分析方法研究  

An Analytical Method for Earthquake‑induced Building Collapse and Urban Secondary Disaster Chain

作　　者：徐哲 廖承帅 林峰[1,2] XU Zhe;LIAO Chengshuai;LIN Feng(Department of Structural Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Key Laboratory of Performance Evolution and Control for Engineering Structure of the Ministry of Education,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑工程系,上海200092 [2]同济大学工程结构性能演化与控制教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《防灾减灾工程学报》2023年第3期423-434,共12页Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2022YFC3803000);同济大学土木工程Ⅰ类高峰学科建设项目(C233ZD03)资助。

摘　　要：地震会导致建筑倒塌,引发次生灾害在城市基础设施系统间传播。与建筑倒塌相关联的城市基础设施系统次生灾害链研究,是评估城市抗震韧性的重要内容。本研究的目的是发展震后灾害链“建筑群倒塌-瓦砾堵塞致道路交通系统性能退化-消防系统功能下降”的分析方法。首先,基于建筑倒塌瓦砾分布、道路交通系统通行效率与可达性、以及消防系统响应覆盖率与响应时间,建立了“建筑群-道路交通-消防”多系统灾害链量化分析方法。其中,引入有限元消失单元再现技术,预测了地震下带填充墙混凝土框架倒塌瓦砾的完整分布。其次,采用此方法分析了假想强震下上海市某区域震后的情景。最后,提出城市抗震韧性提升建议。研究表明:建立的方法可快速预测建筑倒塌瓦砾堵塞范围,评估震后道路交通系统和消防系统性能水平。按此方法得到算例区域震后路网总通行时间最多增加26%,路网节点可达性最多降低43%;消防站响应覆盖率下降可达28%,响应时间最多增加32%。Earthquakes can cause building collapse and trigger secondary disasters spreading among urban infrastructure systems.Hence,to assess urban seismic resilience,it is a critical issue to investigate the secondary disaster chain of urban infrastructure systems associated with building collapse.The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical method for the disaster chain of“collapse of building cluster,degradation of road traffic system performance due to debris blockage,and deterioration of fire protection system function”.Firstly,the analytical method was quantitative and achieved by using the distribution of collapsed debris,efficiency and accessibility of the road traffic system,as well as response coverage ratio and response time of the fire protection system.Especially,a technique was applied to reproduce disappearing elements in the finite element method.As a result,the comprehensive distribution of earthquake-induced debris was depicted for concrete frame structures with infill walls.Subsequently,as a case study,disaster scenarios were described for a region in Shanghai after a hypothetical strong earthquake.Finally,suggestions were proposed for improving urban seismic resilience.The results reveal that the proposed method effectively predicts the blocked range of debris,assesses the performance of both the road traffic system and fire protection systems post-earthquake.In the case study,the total travel time of the road network increased by up to 26%,and the accessibility of the road network nodes decreased by more than 43%.Regarding the fire protection system,the response coverage ratio decreased by a maximum of 28%,while the response time increased by up to 32%.

关 键 词：地震倒塌 灾害链 韧性 瓦砾分布 道路交通系统 消防系统 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]