赤水河上游鱼类产卵场砾石群修复模拟研究  

A Simulation Study of Gravel Cluster Restoration at Fish Spawning Grounds in Upper Chishui River

作　　者：李轩 赵进勇[1] 张晶[1] 艾祖军 韩会玲[2] 王琦[1] 于子铖 冯硕 LI Xuan;ZHAO Jin-yong;ZHANG Jing;AI Zu-jun;HAN Hui-ling;WANG Qi;YU Zi-cheng;FENG Shuo(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;College of Urban and Rural Construction,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Yunnan Management and Conservation Bureau of the Upper Yangtze River Rare and Endemic Fish National Nature Reserve,Zhaotong 657000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]河北农业大学城乡建设学院,河北保定市071000 [3]长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区云南管护局,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第5期939-949,共11页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国水科院创新团队专项(WE0145B042021)。

摘　　要：为定量分析砾石群对鱼类受损栖息地的恢复、改善效果,以赤水河支流倒流河上游芭茅坝鱼类产卵场为研究区域,选择昭通特有鱼类昆明裂腹鱼(Schizothorax grahami)为指示物种,结合稳定性分析确定砾石群的布局、尺寸,依据鱼类生境模型,研究分析了砾石群布置前后指示物种适宜栖息地的变化。结果表明:研究区河段内布置砾石群时,概化砾石单元的最小尺寸宜设置为0.5 m,单组砾石群摆放的跨距宜设置为1.60倍砾石长度,顺流宜设置为2.10倍砾石长度;分别布设5种不同形式砾石群,其所对应的鱼类加权可利用栖息地面积(WUA)均有不同程度增加;在河道造床流量参数下,砾石群的连续V形和钻石形布置形式较其他三种修复效果更为明显,砾石群布置区域水深流速呈现多样化,加权可利用栖息地面积占总面积比例分别增加21.77%和18.3%。合理布设砾石群可为赤水河鱼类产卵场的恢复提供技术支持。In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of gravel groups on the restoration and improvement of damaged habitats of fish,the Bamaoba fish spawning ground at the upstream of Daoliu River,a tributary of Chishui River,is taken as the research area.As an endemic fish to Zhaotong,Schizothorax grahami is selected as the indicator species,and the layout and size of boulder clusters are determined by stability analysis.Based on the fish habitat model,the changes of suitable habitats of the indicator species before and after the arrangement of boulder clusters are studied and analyzed.The results showed that it is suitable to set the minimum size of the generalized boulder unit as 0.5 m,the span of a single boulder clusters as 1.60 times the boulder length,and the span of boulder clusters at the downstream as 2.10 times the boulder length.The weighted usable-habitat area(WUA)of fish corresponding to five different types of boulder clusters increase in different degrees.Under the dominant discharge parameter,the continuous V-shaped and diamond-shaped arrangements of boulder clusters have more obvious effects on restoration than the other three types.The water depth and velocity in the area where boulder clusters are arranged are diversified and the proportion of the weighted usable-habitat area to the total area is increased by 21.77%and 18.3%respectively.Reasonable arrangement of boulder clusters can provide technical support for the restoration of fish spawning grounds by Chishui River.

关 键 词：昆明裂腹鱼 鱼类产卵场 稳定性分析 砾石群 加权可利用栖息地面积 

分 类 号：TV85[水利工程—水利水电工程]