灌浆结实期气象条件对江汉平原优质稻产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Meteorological Conditions During Grain Filling Stage on Grain Yield and Rice Quality of High-quality Rice in Jianghan Plain

作　　者：党程成 郝蓉蓉 周梦 胡玉婷 刘越 杨青青 周继永 田小海[1,2] DANG Cheng-cheng;HAO Rong-rong;ZHOU Meng;HU Yu-ting;LIU Yue;YANG Qing-qing;ZHOU Ji-yong;TIAN Xiao-hai(College of Agronomy,Yangtze River University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Yangtze University/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrialization of Major Grain Crops,Jingzhou 434025,China;Modern agriculture demonstration center of Wuxue City,Hubei Province,Wuxue 435400,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学/主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434025 [3]武穴市现代农业示范中心,湖北武穴435400

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第5期1068-1079,共12页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301405,2018YFD0301306);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBB060)。

摘　　要：水稻灌浆结实期气象条件同时影响优质稻产量与品质,因此在生产上调整合适的播种日期对优质稻生产至关重要。以10个优质稻品种为材料,在江汉平原腹地的湖北荆州通过分期播种(C1、C2、C3),使其在灌浆结实期经历不同的气象条件,并比较了不同播期下产量和主要品质指标的变化,及其与气象因子之间的关系。结果表明,灌浆期的前15 d气象条件显著影响优质稻产量和品质。从总体上看,产量以第2播期-C2(8.3 t/hm^(2))最高,C2处理具有更高的地上部干物质积累量、穗粒数和结实率;品质指标中,整精米率以播期C2和C3较优,分别为62.1%、和61.8%;垩白度在3个播期间差异不大;大多数品种的直链淀粉含量则随播期延迟而显著升高。籽粒产量和稻米品质与灌浆期关键气象因子关系密切,产量与灌浆期前15 d各气象因子均显著相关;千粒重与灌浆期各气象因子均呈直线相关,其中与气温日较差、日照时数呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关;整精米率与灌浆期各气象因子之间均为开口向下的“抛物线型”关系;因此,经过筛选得到灌浆期的前15 d期间的日均温26℃左右、日较差9℃、相对湿度85%、日照时数6 h左右是实现优质稻产量和品质双提升的最佳气象条件。可见,江汉平原地区优质稻的种植存在最佳栽培期(灌浆期),而合理安排播种日期应成为优质稻生产上的一项关键技术。The meteorological conditions of grain filling stage affect the grain yield and quality of high-quality rice,so it is very important to adjust the appropriate sowing date(grain filling period)for high-quality rice production.In this study,10 high quality rice varieties with three sowing dates(C1,C2,C3)in Jingzhou,Hubei Province.The changes of grain yield and rice quality under different sowing dates and their relationship with meteorological factors were compared.The results show that,the meteorological conditions significantly affected the grian yield and quality of high-quality rice with in the first15 days of the grain filling period(FFD).On the whole,the yield was the highest in the second sowing date-C2(8.3 t/hm2),and C2 treatment had higher aboveground dry matter accumulation,grain number per panicle and seed setting rate;among the rice quality indexes,head rice rate was better in C2 and C3,which were 62.1%and 61.8%,respectively;chalkiness had little difference among the three sowing periods;the amylose content of most varieties increased significantly with the delay of sowing date.The grain yield and rice quality were closely related to the key meteorological factors during the grian filling stage,and the yield was significantly correlated with the meteorological factors in the first 15 days of the grian filling stage,and the 1000-grain weight was linearly correlated with the meteorological factors during the grian filling period.among them,it was positively correlated with the daily temperature range and sunshine hours,but negatively correlated with relative humidity,and the relationship between head milled rice rate and meteorological factors during the grian filling period is a“parabola”with the opening downward.Therefore,it was found that the daily average temperature of about 26℃,daily range of 9℃,relative humidity of 85%and sunshine hours of about 6 hours during the first 15 days of grian filling period were the best meteorological conditions to improve the grain yield and quality of high-qua

关 键 词：水稻 灌浆结实期 气象因子 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]