北京市海淀区某大学诺如病毒暴发疫情的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological investigation on norovirus outbreak in a university in Haidian District of Beijing

作　　者：郭黎[1] 蔡伟[1] 梁金博 刘锋[1] 史凤琳 GUO Li;CAI Wei;LIANG Jin-bo;LIU Feng;SHI Feng-lin(Department of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Disease Control,Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心传染病与地方病科,北京100094

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第9期1237-1242,共6页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的调查2019年12月27日北京市海淀区某大学上报的1起诺如病毒感染暴发疫情,分析危险因素,为有效控制疫情提供参考依据。方法采取现场流行病学方法和描述分析方法,对发生疫情的某大学基本情况、疑似病例和食堂工作人员进行详细的调查和分析,同时采集标本进行实验室检测,并进行统计学分析。结果该大学自2019年12月23日—2020年1月9日,共报告急性胃肠炎疑似病例389例,总体罹患率为0.69%,分布在校内42个宿舍楼,男女性发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.719,P<0.01),其中学生375人,教职员工14人,学生和教职员工发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=67.088,P<0.01);共采集病例、密接、食堂工作人员标本1173份,检出GⅡ组诺如病毒阳性标本169份,阳性率14.41%;GⅠ组诺如病毒阳性标本6份,阳性率0.51%;外环境标本233份,检出GⅡ组诺如病毒阳性标本6份,阳性率2.56%。对GⅡ组诺如病毒标本进行分型,基因型均为GⅡ.2[P16]型;517名不同性别食堂工作人员诺如病毒阳性检测率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.628,P<0.05)。通过隔离病例和隐性感染的食堂工作人员、暂时关停污染严重的食堂、增加重点区域环境消毒剂的浓度和消毒频次、开展个人防护知识培训、呕吐物、排泄物等规范处理有效的防控措施,该起疫情得到了有效控制。结论根据现场流行病学调查、患者临床表现和实验室检测结果,判定该事件是多途径传播引起的GII.2[P16]型诺如病毒暴发疫情。应该加强全校师生和教职员工诺如病毒防控宣传培训,加强食堂等重点人群健康监测,规范消毒,杜绝和预防诺如病毒暴发疫情在高校的发生和蔓延。Objective By investigating an outbreak of norovirus infection reported by a university in Haidian District of Beijing on December 27,2019,to analyze the risk factors,and provide reference basis for effective control of the epidemic.Methods The basic situation,suspected cases and canteen staff of a university where the epidemic occurred were investigated and analyzed in detail by using field epidemiological methods and descriptive analysis methods.At the same time,samples were collected for laboratory testing and statistical analysis.Results From December 23,2019 to 2020,January 9th,2020,the University reported 389 suspected cases of acute gastroenteritis,with a total incidence rate of 0.69%,distributed in 42 dormitory buildings.The difference in incidence between males and females was statistically significant(χ^(2)=24.719,P<0.01).There were 375 students and 14 teaching workers,and the difference in incidence between students and teaching workers was statistically significant(χ^(2)=67.088,P<0.01).A total of 1173 samples of cases,close contacts and canteen staff were collected.169 positive samples of norovirus GII were detected,with a positive rate of 14.41%,and 6 positive samples of norovirus G I were detected,with a positive rate of 0.51%.Of 233 environmental samples,six positive samples of norovirus G II were detected,and the positive rate was 2.56%.The samples with norovirus C II were typed,and all genotypes were G II.2[P16].Among 517 canteen employees,the difference in the positive detection was statistically significant between gender groups(χ^(2)=5.628,P<0.05).The epidemic situation was controlled in time through effective prevention and control measures such as isolation of canteen staff with cases and latent infection,temporary closure of canteens with serious pollution,strengthening the concentration and frequency of key environmental disinfection,carrying out personal protection knowledge training,and standardized treatment of excreta and vomit.Conclusions According to the field epidemiological inves

关 键 词：诺如病毒 暴发疫情 调查分析 规范消毒 健康监测 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]