面向电动航空的高温超导电机技术研究发展  

Technology development of high temperature superconducting machine for electric aviation

作　　者：宋东彬 闫炬壮 杨文将[1,2] 白明亮 刘汝婧 王少鹏 刘宇 田爱梅[1] SONG Dongbin;YAN Juzhuang;YANG Wenjiang;BAI Mingliang;LIU Rujing;WANG Shaopeng;LIU Yu;TIAN Aimei(School of Astronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Ningbo Institute of Technology,Beihang University,Ningbo 315800,China;Beijing Institute of Aerospace Control Devices,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学宁波创新研究院,宁波315800 [3]北京航天仪器控制研究所,北京100854

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第9期130-155,共26页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11772025)。

摘　　要：超导电机因体积小、功率密度高和效率高等优势,在航空电推进中展现出重大的应用前景。对比分析了纯电力超导电动系统和混合动力超导电动系统的方案特点,突出超导电机对于大功率航空电推进的重要性。针对航空电推进超导电动系统对电动机和发电机的不同需求,对过去研究的高温超导样机的运行原理及结构拓扑进行归类综述,并总结分析了各自利弊。在此基础上,从超导技术、电枢绕组技术、转子技术、低温技术和绝缘技术这5方面对超导电机本体关键技术分别进行回顾总结。最后,梳理了当前超导电机在航空电推进中应用的研究进展,并对未来超导电动航空发展进行了展望。The superconducting machine has prospects of a wide range of applications in aviation electric propulsion due to its advantages such as small size,high power density,and high efficiency.The characteristics and current situation of the superconducting pure/hybrid electric drive systems are compared,showing the importance of the superconducting machine for high power aviation electric propulsion.In view of different requirements for motors and generators for the superconducting electric drive system for high power aviation electric propulsion,the operating principles and structural topologies of those prototypes of High Temperature Superconducting(HTS)machines studied in the past are reviewed and classified,and the advantages and disadvantages are summarized and analyzed.On this basis,the key technologies of superconducting machine are outlined in terms of superconducting technology,AC superconducting armature,rotor technology,cryogenic technology and insulation technology.Under the background of aviation electrification,the progress in the application of superconducting electric drive system in aviation electric propulsion is outlined,and future development of superconducting electric aviation is also discussed.

关 键 词：航空电推进 超导电动系统 超导电机 直流超导磁体 交流超导电枢 超导转子技术 低温技术 绝缘技术 新兴航空 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]