飞机舵面液压系统高压泵空化流动特性与优化  

Cavitation flow characteristics and optimization of high-pressure pumps in hydraulic system of aircraft control surfaces

作　　者：索晓宇 姜毅[1] 王文杰 高殿荣[2] 张鑫宇 SUO Xiaoyu;JIANG Yi;WANG Wenjie;GAO Dianrong;ZHANG Xinyu(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066044,China;Beijing Huade Hydraulic Industry Group Co.LTD,Beijing 100176,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]燕山大学机械工程学院,秦皇岛066044 [3]北京华德液压工业集团有限责任公司,北京100176

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第9期184-198,共15页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家级项目。

摘　　要：针对大型民用飞机在航行过程中需要精准控制舵面的要求,基于全空化模型与可压缩模型,对液压系统动力源——轴向柱塞泵的内流特性进行了数值模拟,数值流量结果与试验流量结果有较高的吻合度。通过分析流量特性,揭示了流量谷值与峰值的产生原因,发现了空化影响流量脉动的方式,提出了抑制柱塞腔空化的方案。研究结果表明:倒灌是造成排油流量谷值的主要原因,排油流量峰值即压强超调产生的原因有2点,即倒灌液压油的惯性冲击使腔内压强突然增高,倒灌结束后不能及时完全过流造成的憋压使压强超调;揭示了柱塞腔内含气型气泡会吸收“本应的增压”,延长倒灌时间从而降低流量谷值;为了解决抑制柱塞腔空化会降低理论流量的问题,从压降角度出发,联立了柱塞腔流量方程和压降方程,建立了理论流量不可变下抑制柱塞腔空化的数学模型。根据该模型,提出了2种抑制柱塞腔空化且不改变理论流量的措施,研究可以为轴向柱塞泵的研制提供理论方案。To break the monopoly of key technologies for high-pressure piston pumps in the list of the United States,and aiming to satisfy the requirement for precise rudder control of large civil aircraft during navigation,this study conducts numerical simulations and optimization of internal flow characteristics in the pumps based on full cavitation models and compressible models.The numerical simulations are validated by a series of experiments.The causes of the formation of flow valleys and peaks are revealed by analyzing the flow characteristics,the way cavitation impacts flow pulsation is discovered,and a method to suppress cavitation in the piston chamber is proposed.Conclusions:Backflow is the main cause of the drainage flow valley.The drainage flow peak(i.e.,pressure overshoot)is caused by two factors.First,the inertial impact of backflow hydraulic oil causes a sudden increase in cavity pressure.Second,hold pressure due to untimely and incomplete overflow after the end of the backflow induces the pressure overshoot.Gas bubbles in the piston chamber absorb the“intended boost”and prolong the back-up time,thus reducing the flow valley.A mathematical model for suppressing the cavitation of the piston chamber at the invariable theoretical flow rate is established by innovatively coupling the piston chamber flow rate equation and the pressure drop equation from the perspective of pressure drop to solve the problem of theoretical flow rate reduction resulted from suppressing the piston chamber cavitation.Based on the model,two methods are proposed to suppress the cavitation of the piston chamber without changing the theoretical flow rate,providing theoretical solutions for the development of military axial piston pumps.

关 键 词：空化 轴向柱塞泵 多相流耦合 流量特性 配流盘 

分 类 号：V264.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]