中国FTA战略、价值链重塑与制造业企业工序智能化  

Chinese FTA Strategy,GVC Reshaping and Manufacturing Firms'Process Intelligentization

作　　者：聂飞[1] 胡华璐 李磊[2] NIE Fei;HU Hualu;LI Lei

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院 [2]南开大学跨国公司研究中心

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2023年第5期88-102,共15页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“工业化后期阶段中国对外直接投资的去工业化效应及优化对策研究”(19CJY049);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“数字经济背景下‘人机分工’对企业绿色转型的影响研究”(2662022JGYJY02)。

摘　　要：本文采用2000—2013年中国制造业企业微观数据,选取中国—东盟自贸协定(CAFTA)作为准自然实验,结合双重差分因果识别策略,研究了FTA战略影响中国企业工序智能化的价值链重塑传导路径。实证结果表明,FTA战略总体上延长了中国制造业企业前向价值链长度,对其价值链重塑具有促进作用,且通过了双重差分估计的有效性要求及其他稳健性检验。FTA战略主要推动了中国制造业企业本土中间品部门对工业机器人等智能要素的使用,在价值链重塑传导作用下,企业国内工序智能化水平随之上升,而国际工序智能化水平随之下降;同时,价值链重塑发挥了人与工业机器人在任务分配上的比较优势,从而实现“人机和谐”。并非所有企业工序智能化都会受到FTA战略的影响,技术密集型行业的加工贸易企业在对高贸易壁垒伙伴国出口贸易的过程中,更加关注中间品的自主创新从而避免遭遇“卡脖子”风险,其通过价值链重塑对国内工序智能化转型的推动作用更为明显。Using micro-ievel data of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2000 to 2013,this pater selects the China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement(CAFTA)as a quasi-natural experiment and combines a Difference-in-Differences identification strategy to study giobal value chain reshaping transmission paths that FTA strategy influence Chinese manufacturing firms'process intelligentization.The empirical results show that the FTA strategy generally extends the forward value chain length of Chinese inanufacturing firms and promotes GVC reshaping.The baseline results are robust to alternative specifications,and the assumptions of DID estimation are satisfied.The FTA strategy mainly promotes the adoption of intelligent elements such as industrial robots by local intermediate departments of Chinese manufacturing firms.Under the transmission effect of GVC reshaping,the level of domestic process intelligentization of firms increases while the level of international process intelligentization decreases.Simultaneously,GVC reshaping leads to a comparative advantage in task allocation between humans and industrial robots,achieving"human-machine harmony".However,not all firms'process intelligentization are affected by the FTA strategy,the processing trade firms in technology-intensive industries focus more on independent innovation of intermediate goods to avoid the risk of"bottleneck"in exports with partner countries of high trade barriers.In such cases,the promoting role of GVC reshaping in the transformation of domestic process intelligentization is more evident.

关 键 词：FTA战略 全球价值链 工序智能化 人机和谐 中国—东盟自贸协定 

分 类 号：F740.6[经济管理—国际贸易]