数字基础设施与代际收入向上流动性——基于“宽带中国”战略的准自然实验  

Digital Infrastructure and the Intergenerational Income upward Mobility:66 The Quasi-natural Experiment Based on“Broadband China”

作　　者：方福前[1] 田鸽 张勋[3,4] FANG Fuqian;TIAN Ge;ZHANG Xun(School of Economics,Renmin University of China;School of Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business;School of Statistics,Beijing Normal University;Institutes of Digital Finance,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,100872 [2]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,100070 [3]北京师范大学统计学院,100091 [4]北京大学数字金融研究中心,100091

出　　处：《经济研究》2023年第5期79-97,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB133);首都经济贸易大学新入职青年教师科研启动基金项目(XRZ2023055);国家自然科学基金项目(71973014)的资助。

摘　　要：作为数字经济发展的硬件基础,数字基础设施对经济效率的促进作用已得到广泛论证。那么,数字基础设施能否促进社会公平,尤其是能否促进以代际流动为代表的、更能体现发展机会的公平性与开放性的纵向公平?本文主要研究数字基础设施对农村人口代际收入向上流动的影响。首先,在新古典增长模型和代际收入流动分析框架基础上,从理论上探讨了数字基础设施对代际收入向上流动的影响以及作用机制,然后将“宽带中国”政策外生冲击与CFPS数据相结合,利用DID模型以及包括工具变量法在内的多种内生性分析方法从实证角度检验了这一影响,并探讨了其中的作用机制。研究发现:从劳动力供给侧来看,数字基础设施有助于提高父代对农村户籍子代人力资本投资的回报,减少农村户籍子代对父代社会资本的继承,即能够通过破解教育资源以及高水平社会资本对农村户籍子代的约束,实现对劳动力供给侧的数字化赋能。从劳动力需求侧来看,数字基础设施通过促进产业创新,提高市场化水平,增强社会监督,促进公平与法治,可以为农村户籍子代收入向上流动提供良好的“市场运气”,实现对劳动力需求侧的数字化赋能。本文为更好地理解新发展阶段的特征事实对代际向上流动的影响以及更全面地评价数字基础设施对公平和效率的作用奠定了理论和实证基础,也为政府进一步加强数字基础设施建设,促进数字经济发展,从而提高社会流动性、实现共同富裕提供了支持依据。Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism.However,the household registration system has hindered the upward mobility of individuals with rural household registration,which harms social equity.Therefore,it is necessary to remove institutional barriers including the household registration system,promote the offspring of rural household registration to realize intergenerational upward mobility so as to promote common prosperity.Digital infrastructure is increasingly promoting economic and social development,then,can the digital infrastructure promote the vertical equity represented by intergenerational mobility,which can better reflect the fairness and openness of the development opportunity?By studying the impacts of digital infrastructure on the intergenerational income upward mobility of the offspring of rural household registration,this paper has laid a foundation for a better understanding of the impacts of the characteristics of the new development stage on intergenerational upward mobility and evaluating the role of digital infrastructure on equity and efficiency more comprehensively,and provides strong support for government to further strengthen digital infrastructure so as to improve social mobility.This paper mainly studies the impacts of digital infrastructure on the intergenerational income mobility of the offspring of rural household registration from theoretical and empirical perspectives,and explores the mechanisms of the effects.Specifically,this paper first incorporates digital elements into traditional neoclassical growth models and intergenerational income mobility frameworks to research the impacts and the mechanisms of digital infrastructure on the intergenerational income mobility from theoretical perspectives.Then,combing the exogenous shock of"Broadband China"policy with CFPS data,and using DID model and endogenous analysis methods such as instrumental variable method and so on,this paper empirically examines the impacts and explores the mechanisms of the effects from the l

关 键 词：数字基础设施 代际收入向上流动 户籍制度 数字经济 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F323.8F224