减氮和秸秆反应堆对设施番茄氮素利用及土壤硝态氮累积的影响  

Effects of nitrogen reduction and straw reactor on nitrogen utilization and soil NO^(-)_(3)-N accumulation in greenhouse

作　　者：张鑫[1] 陈玥[1] 叶鑫[1] 隋世江[1] 高云[2] 王娜[1] ZHANG Xin;CHEN Yue;YE Xin;SUI Shijiang;GAO Yun;WANG Na(Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Agricultural Technology Ertension Center of Wafangdian,Dalian 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,沈阳110161 [2]瓦房店市农业技术推广中心,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2023年第2期116-122,共7页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：农业农村部生态环境保护专项(091721104022292006);辽宁省联合基金面上项目(2014027026)。

摘　　要：在设施番茄栽培条件下,采用田间小区试验,设不施氮(CK)、常规施氮(FP)、氮肥减量28.6%(OPT)和氮肥减量28.6%+秸秆反应堆(OPTS)4个处理,研究减氮和秸秆反应堆对设施番茄产量、氮素利用、果实品质及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明:与FP施肥处理相比,减氮条件下OPT和OPTS处理番茄产量分别提高10.7%和15.6%,其中OPTS处理显著提高。与FP处理相比,OPT处理番茄氮吸收总量和氮肥利用率分别提高0.40%和4.48%,OPTS处理分别提高5.57%和7.64%;与FP处理相比,OPT和OPTS处理果实硝酸盐分别显著降低35.2%和39.7%,维生素C含量分别显著提高27.1%和29.0%。相对于常规施肥处理0-100 cm土壤NO^(-)_(3)-N总累积量652.8 kg·hm^(-2),OPT和OPTS处理土壤剖面NO^(-)_(3)-N总累积量分别显著减少26.3%和46.5%。综合考虑经济和环境效益,常规施肥基础上减氮28.6%结合秸秆反应堆效果最佳。Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized fertilization on nitrogen utilization,fruit quality and soil nitrate residue in greenhouse tomato.There were four treatments in the experiment:including no chemical N fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilization(FP),reducing 28.6%chemical N fertilizer(OPT)and reducing 28.6%chemical N fertilizer combined with straw bio-reactor(OPTS).The results showed that:compared with the FP treatment,under the condition of nitrogen reduction,the OPT and OPTS treatment increased tomato yield by 10.7%and 15.0%,respectively,the treatment of OPTS improved the yield significantly.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency in the OPT treatment increased by 0.40%and 4.48%,respectively,whereas that in the OPTS treatment increased by 5.57%and 7.64%,respectively.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,fruit nitrate of the OPT and OPTS treatments significantly reduced by 35.2%and 39.7%,respectively,and VC content significantly increased by 27.1%and 29.0%,respectively.Compared with the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen within 0-100 cm soil layer of 652.8 kg·hm^(-2)under the FP treatment,the accumulation of NO^(-)_(3)-N of the OPT and OPTS treatments significantly decreased by 26.3%and 46.5%,respectively.Therefore,considering the economic and environmental benefits,the effect of 28.6%reduction of conventional fertilization combined with straw bio-reactor was best.

关 键 词：氮肥减量 秸秆反应堆 番茄 氮素利用 硝态氮累积 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]