山西省不同生态区玉米品种数量性状多样性分析  

Diversity Analysis of Quantitative Traits of Maize Varieties in Different Ecological Regions of Shanxi Province

作　　者：王怡[1] 刘守渠 郭峰 任小燕 段运平[1] WANG Yi;LIU Shouqu;GUO Feng;REN Xiaoyan;DUAN Yunping(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第5期11-20,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所青年基金项目(ZQ2004)。

摘　　要：【目的】充分挖掘并利用山西省不同生态区优质玉米品种。【方法】对山西省4个生态区的75个玉米品种的13个数量性状进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】13个数量性状中出籽率和粗淀粉含量变异系数较小,分别为1.78%、1.92%,说明玉米品种的这两个性状能够稳定遗传;穗位和粗脂肪的变异系数较大,分别为15.06%、13.78%,说明玉米品种的穗位和粗脂肪具有较大的选择潜力。产量与生育期、总叶片数、株高、穗位、行粒数、百粒质量以及出籽率间均呈现极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.591、0.520、0.630、0.57、0.315、0.461、0.380;与粗脂肪间呈现极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.438。主成分分析发现,前4个主成分累计贡献率为71.35%,其中第1主成分主要反映产量、粗脂肪、穗位、总叶片数;第2主成分主要反映生育期、行粒数、粗淀粉;第3主成分主要反映粗蛋白、粗淀粉、穗长以及行粒数;第4主成分主要反映容重。聚类分析显示,75个玉米品种的13个数量性状最终划分为3个类群,初步明确了各个类群特征,其中第Ⅰ类群适合筛选容重、粗蛋白以及粗脂肪含量较高的玉米品种,第Ⅱ类群适合筛选产量高及粗淀粉含量高的玉米品种,第Ⅲ类群适合筛选株高、穗位以及穗长数值较大的玉米品种。【结论】75个玉米材料有着比较丰富的遗传多样性,且数量性状之间均存在不同程度的相关性。主成分分析一共提取出4个主成分,累计贡献率为71.36%,分别是产量因子、行粒数因子、粗蛋白因子、容重因子。聚类分析将75个玉米品种划分为了3个类群,这3个类群差异表现在容重、产量、株高等特征上。本研究为山西省玉米亲本的选配和性状改良奠定了研究基础。【Objective】To fully explore and utilize high quality maize varieties in different ecological regions of Shanxi Province.【Method】Correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on 13 quantitative traits of 75 maize varieties from 4 ecological regions in Shanxi Province.【Result】Among the 13 quantitative characters,the variation coefficients of seed yield and crude starch content were small,which were 1.78%and 1.92%,respectively,indicating that these two characters could be inherited stably.The coefficient of variation of ear position and ether extract was 15.06%and 13.78%,respectively,indicating that ear position and ether extract of maize varieties had greater potential for selection.Yield was significantly positively correlated with growth period,total leaf number,plant height,ear position,row number,100-grain weight and seed production rate,and the correlation coefficients were 0.591,0.520,0.630,0.57,0.315,0.461 and 0.380,respectively.The yield was significantly negatively correlated with crude fat,and the correlation coefficient was-0.438.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 71.35%.The first principal component mainly reflected the yield,crude fat,ear position and total leaf number.The second principal component mainly reflected growth period,row number and crude starch.The third principal component mainly reflected the crude protein,crude starch,ear length and row number.The fourth principal component mainly reflects the bulk density.Cluster analysis showed that 13 quantitative characters of 75 maize varieties were divided into 3 groups,and the characteristics of each group were preliminarily defined.GroupⅠwas suitable for screening maize varieties with higher bulk density,crude protein and crude fat content,groupⅡwas suitable for screening maize varieties with high yield and high crude starch content.GroupⅢwas suitable for screening maize varieties with higher

关 键 词：玉米品种 数量性状 主成分分析 相关性分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学]