甘肃白银冰雹气候特征的南北差异分析  

Analysis of North-South Differences in the Climatic Characteristics of Hail in Baiyin,Gansu

作　　者：邵清军 冯娅茹 李维国 刘晓蒙 景怀玺 SHAO Qingjun;FENG Yaru;LI Weiguo;LIU Xiaomeng;JING Huaixi(Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory,Lanzhou 730020,China;Baiyin Meteorological Bureau,Baiyin 730900,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730200 [2]白银市气象局,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《成都信息工程大学学报》2023年第3期365-371,共7页Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项资助项目(CXFZ2021Z034)。

摘　　要：为分析甘肃白银冰雹气候特征的南北差异,利用白银市1978-2020年4个气象观测站和59个乡镇点调查资料,采用线性趋势、变差系数、小波分析、Mann-Kendll法以及相关分析等统计方法对白银市冰雹时空分布及影响因素进行分析。结果表明:冰雹日数空间分布从南向北呈递减趋势,形成“南多北少”的特点。同时,受地形影响,迎风坡和背风坡效应显著,在同一县区或不同县区出现多个相对少发区和多发区,极少区出现在北部地区呈“钳形状”低值区,高发区出现在南部地区最南端;日变化高发时段为14-18时,月变化集中于4-10月,其中7月最多,季变化夏季最多;就冰雹日数的稳定性而言,年变化较季节稳定,夏季较春、秋季稳定,南部较北部地区稳定;存在10~15 a年代际周期,北部另有准5 a短周期,南部存在突变特征,突变时间2006年;近43 a冰雹日数年际变化呈减少趋势且北部较南部显著,年代际变化21世纪10、20年代较20世纪80、90年代明显减少。To analyze the north-south differences in the climatic characteristics of hail in Baiyin area of Gansu province,based on the data of 4 meteorological observation stations and 59 township points census data in Baiyin from 1978 to 2020,the spatiotemporal characteristics of hail weather and their influence factors were analyzed by using the methods of linear trend analysis,variation coefficients,wavelet analysis,Mann-Kendall method and correlation coefficients.The results show that the spatial distribution of hail days tends to decrease from south to north,which is characterized as"more in the south and less in the north".At the same time,due to the influence of topography,the effects of windward slope and leeward slope are relatively significant,with several high incidence areas and low incidence areas in the same or different counties,with the rare areas occurring in the north in a"pincer-shaped"low value areas and the high incidence areas occurring in the southernmost part of the southern region.The high incidence period of diurnal variation is between 14-18 h,monthly variation is concentrated between April and October,with the most frequent in July,and seasonal variation is most frequent in summer.In terms of the stability of hail days,the annual variation is more stable than that of season,summer is more stable than that of spring and autumn,and the southern part is more stable than the northern part;there is a 10-15 a inter-decadal cycle,with an additional quasi-5 a short cycle in the north and a mutation feature in the south,which occurred in 2006.Inter-annual variation of hail days in recent 43 a is decreasing and is more significant in the north than in the south,and the inter-decadal variation is significantly less in the 2010s and 2020s than in the 1980s and 1990s.

关 键 词：白银地区 冰雹气候 差异分析 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]