2019—2021年北京市东城区小学生筛查性近视及屈光状态分析  

Analysis of screening-detected myopia and refractive status of primary school students in Dongcheng district in Beijing during 2019-2021

作　　者：韩霄[1] 汪静[1] 陈辉[1] 勉丽娜[1] 马莉蓉[1] 杨微[1] 焦欣然 HAN Xiao;WANG Jing;CHEN Hui;MIAN Linan;MA Lirong;YANG Wei;JIAO Xinran(Dongcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市东城区疾病预防控制中心,北京100009

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2023年第4期388-392,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解2019—2021年北京市东城区小学生近视现状及变化趋势,为有针对性地开展辖区儿童青少年近视防控提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取东城区4所小学的1~6年级学生,对其开展远视力检查和屈光检测。结果2019—2021年东城区小学生筛查性近视率分别为32.46%、41.75%和43.13%,呈递增趋势(χ^(2)趋势=60.486,P<0.01);近三年辖区小学生筛查性近视率男女生间差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.027、0.104、0.439,均P>0.05),均随着年级的升高而增长(χ^(2)趋势=317.759、334.533、332.689,均P<0.01)。一、三、六年级学生2020年筛查性近视率较2019年有所增长(χ^(2)=8.240、23.332、12.940,均P<0.01),但2020—2021年所有年级学生筛查性近视率基本保持稳定(P均>0.01)。不同年份学生屈光状态构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=64.464,P<0.01);眼屈光状态均表现为一年级正视眼所占比例高于近视眼,四年级时近视眼所占比例超过正视眼。2019—2021年东城区小学生SE值分别为-0.25(-1.25,0.38)D、-0.38(-1.63,0.25)D、-0.38(-1.63,0.25)D,其中一年级学生SE值分别为0.38(0.00,0.75)D、0.13(-0.50,0.50)D、0.25(-0.25,0.50)D,差异有统计学意义(H=77.575,P<0.01)。结论新型冠状病毒感染疫情后东城区小学生眼健康状况不容乐观,应将近视防控重点前移至学龄前及小学低年级,加强多部门协作,有针对性地制定和开展切实可行的干预措施,减缓儿童远视储备的过早、过快消耗,营造呵护儿童青少年视力健康良好的社会氛围,有效降低辖区儿童青少年近视率。Objective To understand the status quo and time trend of myopia among primary school students in Dongcheng district in Beijing in the period from 2019 to 2021,so as to provide evidence for targeted prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to selected students from grades 1 to 6 in 4 primary schools in Dongcheng district,who were then examined with eye test and refraction test.Results In the three years from 2019 to 2021,the detection rates of screening for myopia in the primary school students in Dongcheng district were 32.46%,41.75%and 43.13%,respectively,showing an upward trend(χ^(2) trend=60.486,P<0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of screening-detected myopia between male and female primary school students in the three study years(χ^(2)=0.027,0.104,0.439,all P>0.05),but the rate increased with grades each year(χ^(2) rena=317.759,334.533,332.689,all P<0.01).The rates of screening-detected myopia among students in grades one,three and six in 2020 were all higher than those in 2019(χ^(2)=8.240,23.332,12.940,all P<0.01),but remained generally stable in all grades from 2020 to 2021(all P>0.02).There was a statistically significant difference in the proportions of different refractive status among the primary school students during the study period(=64.464,P<0.01),although the proportion of emmetropia was higher than that of myopia in grade one students in all the three years,and the proportion of myopia was higher than that of emmetropia in grade four students in all the three years.During 2019 to 2021,the SE of primary school students in Dongcheng district were-0.25(-1.25,0.38)D,-0.38(-1.63,0.25)D,and-0.38(-1.63,0.25)D,respectively;the SE of grade one students were 0.38(0.00,0.75)D,0.13(-0.50,0.50)D,0.25(-0.25,0.50)D,respectively,with statistically significant difference(H=77.575,P<0.01).Conclusions After COVID-19,the eyesight status of primary school students in Dongcheng district may be unfavorable.The f

关 键 词：儿童 近视 屈光状态 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]