环境RNA技术在水生生物监测中的应用  

Application of environmental RNA technology in aquatic biological monitoring

作　　者：李苗 要晨阳 陈小勇[1,2,3] Miao Li;Chenyang Yao;Xiaoyong Chen(State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;Southeast Asia biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nay Pyi Taw 05282,Myanmar;Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation,Mengla,Yunnan 666303,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室&云南省高黎贡山生物多样性重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心,缅甸内比都052823 [3]云南省东南亚生物多样性保护国际联合实验室,云南勐腊666303 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第5期157-167,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2602500);中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心(Y4ZK111B01);云南省科技厅建设面向南亚东南亚科技创新中心专项(202203AP140007);高黎贡山跨境生物多样性保护及国际合作体系建设(E1ZK251)。

摘　　要：生物监测是开展生物多样性保护的基础性工作,同时也是评估生物多样性保护进展的有效途径。传统的水生生物监测以样品采集与形态学鉴定为基础,耗时耗力且效果不佳,已无法满足现阶段大尺度的持续性生态调查需求。随着分子生物学技术的发展, eRNA技术被引入水生生物监测这一领域,并被应用于物种监测、病原体监测以及生物多样性评价等方面,且表现出了极大的应用潜力。然而, eRNA技术的发展仍处于概念验证阶段,其生态学过程不明确、技术的操作流程不规范与转录组数据库的匮乏等诸多技术上的瓶颈制约着e RNA在水生生物监测中的推广与规范使用。鉴于此,本文首先简要介绍e RNA技术,而后详细阐述其操作流程与在水生生物监测中的应用现状,并在此基础上着重探讨了e RNA技术在生物监测领域内所具有的优势(能够进一步提高生物监测的精度与挖掘出更多的相关信息)与面临的挑战(eRNA的生态学过程不明确、技术流程不规范以及转录组数据库匮乏),最后对该技术在水生生物监测中的最新发展方向(eRNA的生态学过程探究、技术流程的标准化以及数据库的完善等)进行了展望,试图通过本文为e RNA技术在水生生物监测中的规范使用提供参考。Background&Aims:Biological monitoring is a core component of biodiversity conservation,and an important tool for assessing the progress of conservation efforts.Traditional aquatic monitoring methods are often based on specimen collection and morphological identification,which are time-consuming and ineffective practices.Additionally,these methods are unable to conduct the type of large-scale,continuous ecological surveys that are required for many conservation initiatives.There is therefore an urgent need to find a new approach to monitoring to meet today’s growing biodiversity surveillance needs.Progresses&Challenges:As molecular biology tools have improved,environmental RNA technology has been introduced into the field of aquatic biomonitoring and applied to species monitoring,biodiversity assessment,and pathogen detection,showing significant potential to meet conservation needs.However,the development of environmental RNA technology is still at the proof-of-concept stage,and there are many technical drawbacks,including limited understanding of environmental RNA ecological processes,the inconsistent application of the technology and,the lack of a transcriptome database that limits its ability to be used in aquatic biomonitoring.Review Results:In this review,we first give a brief introduction to environmental RNA technology.We then introduce the analysis process of environmental RNA technology and discuss in detail what information should be noted in the sample collection and preservation process,the environmental RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis process,PCR amplification and sequencing,and analysis of results.Next,we present the current status of the application of environmental RNA technology in three areas:species monitoring,biodiversity assessment,and pathogen detection.Further,we also discuss problems associated with environmental RNA technology in practical applications.Finally,we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of environmental RNA technology.We identify two primary advantages of environmental R

关 键 词：环境RNA 物种监测 生物多样性 种群结构 病原体 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]