全基因组重测序方法在濒危植物保护中的应用  

Whole genome resequencing approach for conservation biology of endangered plants

作　　者：景昭阳 程可光 舒恒 马永鹏[2] 刘平丽[1] Zhaoyang Jing;Keguang Cheng;Heng Shu;Yongpeng Ma;Pingli Liu(College of Biological Sciences&Biotechnology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院昆明植物研究所云南省极小种群植物物种综合保护重点实验室,昆明650201 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第5期168-179,共12页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(BLX2019ZY28);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1301702);云南省基金重点项目(202001AS070019)。

摘　　要：全球生物多样性的急剧下降促使人们对生物多样性的保护日益重视。保护遗传学是濒危物种保护研究的重要手段,它极大地促进了人们对保护生物学多个领域的认知。然而,保护生物学的一些重大科学问题,包括濒危植物的演化历史、濒危原因和过程以及适应性演化机制等仍有待进一步深入研究。近年来,高通量测序技术和保护遗传学思想的交叉融合,促进了保护基因组学的产生,为深入探讨这些重要问题提供了新的方法和思路。本文简要综述了组学方法中的全基因组重测序方法在濒危植物保护研究中取得的一些重要进展,以期推动我国濒危植物保护生物学的进一步发展。全基因组重测序作为目前保护基因组学方法中具有最高分辨力的一种方法,在研究濒危植物系统发育和种群遗传结构、基因组多样性、种群演化历史、适应性演化和近交衰退等方面取得了一些重要进展,这些研究确定了一些濒危物种的分类地位和种群保护单元,揭示了它们的进化历史、濒危原因和过程,阐明了部分适应性进化和近交衰退的遗传机制。由于重测序方法可以更加深入地窥探保护生物学的诸多问题,随着测序技术进一步发展和费用的降低,它必将成为保护生物学研究的主要技术手段。Background&Aims:Increasing attention is focused on global change and loss of biodiversity.Genetics is an important tool in the conservation of threatened species,which have greatly promoted our understanding of diverse areas in conservation biology.However,some key scientific issues in conservation biology,including evolutionary history,endangered mechanism,genetic basis of adaptive evolution and inbreeding depression,are remain to be understood.Spurred by technological advances in high-throughput sequencing,conservation genomics are developed by using of new genomic techniques to solve problems in conservation biology,providing new approaches to deep understanding of the key issues in conservation biology.This paper briefly summarizes the important research progress in the conservation genomics based on whole genome resequencing,aiming to promote the conservation biology of threatened plant in China.Progress:Whole genome resequencing,being the highest genomic resolution among current methods in conservation genomics,has made many significant advancements,including classification of phylogenetic relationships between unresolved taxa,the reconstruction of population structure,genomic diversity,demographic history,adaptive evolution and inbreeding depression.Based on these advancements,conservation taxa and conservation units are identified,the evolutionary history and endangered causes of species are revealed and the genetic basis of adaptive evolution and inbreeding depression are partly revealed.Prospect:As whole-genome resequencing provides deep insights into the key issues in conservation biology,with the improvements of even higher throughput and lower cost,whole-genome resequencing will be a routine task in conservation biology studies.

关 键 词：全基因组重测序 保护基因组学 濒危植物 适应性演化 自交衰退 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]