关中地区十六国墓葬分布研究  

On the Distribution of Sixteen Kingdoms Period Tombs in the Guanzhong Basin

作　　者：刘呆运 赵海燕 Liu Daiyun;Zhao Haiyan

机构地区：[1]陕西省考古研究院 [2]西安市文物保护考古研究院

出　　处：《考古与文物》2023年第2期78-87,共10页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“关中地区十六国时期墓葬资料的整理与研究”(编号:21&ZD237)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关中地区十六国时期墓葬已发掘46处200余座,主要集中在长安城西北的咸阳石安原及南郊少陵原一带。这些茔地是以都城及居住地为中心集中分布,单点或多点成组出现;尤其是中、小型家族墓地占据了族群墓茔的大宗,个别族群茔地前后延续三百余年,人群属性特殊。高等级墓葬多分布于石安原,晚期(约后秦至北魏初年)在少陵原亦有发现,家族墓地多见于石安原、少陵原、高阳原。墓葬形制在沿袭“汉、晋”礼制的基础上,又增加了仿木结构的土雕门楼建筑。A total of more than 200 Sixteen Kingdoms period tombs from 46 locations have been excavated in the Guanzhong Basin,mostly concentrated in the Shi’an yuan(loess tableland,same below)area in Xianyang and the Shaoling yuan area in southern suburbs of Xi’an.These cemeteries centered on the capital and the original residential areas of the owners.Including either single or multiple clusters,these cemeteries usually belong to medium-to small-scale burial places used by the same lineage.Those that had been used continuously for more than 300 years were special cases and belonged to members with special status.High-status tombs were primarily found in Shi’an yuan,while sporadic elite tombs during the late period(equivalent to the Later Qin and beginning of Northern Wei)were found in Shaoling yuan.Family cemeteries were usually found in Shi’an yuan,Shaoling yuan,and Gaoyang yuan.In terms of the structure,these tombs show an inheritance of funeral rituals originated from the Han and Jin periods with the addition of new elements such as the structure imitating the wooden gate.

关 键 词：关中地区 十六国时期 墓葬 分布 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K238[历史地理—历史学]