海床流体迁移致灾机理与风险防控研究现状及展望  

Research Progress and Prospects of Geohazard Mechanism and Risk Prevention Related to Seabed Fluid Migration

作　　者：田兆阳 贾永刚[1,2] 朱超祁 卢龙玉 郭煦 冯学志 王慧 王宏威[1] 何满潮 彭建兵[5] Tian Zhaoyang;Jia Yonggang;Zhu Chaoqi;Lu Longyu;Guo Xu;Feng Xuezhi;Wang Hui;Wang Hongwei;He Manchao;Peng Jianbing(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering(Ocean University of China),Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Laboratory for Marine Geology,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,Shandong,China;Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,Beijing 100083,China;College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [4]深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,北京100083 [5]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2023年第3期131-140,共10页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“琼东南盆地海底地质灾害风险应对战略咨询研究”(21-HN-ZD-02);国家自然科学基金项目(4220717,41831280)。

摘　　要：海床流体迁移指海底液体、气体、海水在海床内外的传输运移过程,对海洋地质灾害的孕育、发展、演化具有重要影响;我国海域内广泛发育的海底滑坡等典型灾害,与海床流体迁移现象之间呈现出明显的关联性。本文从海床流体迁移的灾害效应出发并以南海北部为例,分析了典型流体迁移系统类型、地质灾害成因分布特征,梳理了海床流体迁移的观测与调查方法;总结了海床流体迁移致灾与风险防控方向的科学问题,针对性提出了有待开展的重点研究内容。研究建议,从深部高压流体向上迁移影响灾害孕育、天然气水合物分解流体迁移影响灾害发展、海洋水体运动导致灾害发生3个方面着手,研究海床流体迁移影响下的海底灾害孕育、发展与触发演化过程机理,海床流体迁移-地质环境-人类活动耦合作用下海底灾害风险防控理论方法,支持突破深海探测多系统集成、多尺度联合、多维信息处理等技术瓶颈。Seabed fluid migration is a critical process that involves the transport and movement of liquids,gases,and seawater within and outside the seabed,which has significant impacts on the genesis,development,and evolution of seabed geological disasters.Notably,typical disasters such as submarine landslides in the sea area of China demonstrate a strong relevance with seabed fluid migration phenomena.In this paper,we analyze the distribution characteristics of typical fluid migration system types and geological disaster causes taking the northern South China Sea as an example,and we summarize the observation and investigation methods of seabed fluid migration.Furthermore,we propose the primary issues and content that must be addressed in the study of disasters induced by seabed fluid migration and their prevention and control.Specifically,we suggest that research should focus on the three phases,namely disaster genesis induced by deep high-pressure fluid migration,disaster development caused by gas hydrate decomposition and fluid migration,and disaster triggering resulting from ocean water movement.Based on breakthroughs in technological bottlenecks such as multi-system integration,multi-scale cooperation,and multi-dimensional information processing in deep-sea exploration,we must conduct in-depth research on the evolution mechanisms of seabed disaster genesis,development,and triggering under the influence of seabed fluid migration.Additionally,we must develop theoretical methods for seabed disaster risk prevention and control under the coupled effects of seabed fluid migration,geological environment,and human activities.

关 键 词：海床流体迁移 海洋地质灾害 风险防控 南海北部 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]