高固体浓度鸡粪厌氧消化氨氮耐受性能研究:以长期实验为例  

Study on Ammonia Tolerance of High-solid Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure:A Long-term Experiment Case

作　　者：宋亚朋 乔玮[1,2] 胡婉蓉 董仁杰[1] SONG Yapeng;QIAO Wei;HU Wanrong;DONG Renjie(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Sanya Institute of China Agriculural University,Sanya 572025,China;China Kunlun Contracting Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学三亚学院,海南三亚572025 [3]中国昆仑工程有限公司,北京100037

出　　处：《中国沼气》2023年第3期33-40,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(6182017)。

摘　　要：以高固体鸡粪(total solid,TS 15%)为研究对象,利用3个全混式厌氧反应器(CSTR),在有机负荷(OLR)分别为1.5、2.3和4.5 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1)挥发性固体,水力停留时间(HRT)分别为60、40和20 d的条件下,通过长期连续试验考察高固体鸡粪厌氧消化产气性能。试验结果表明,当有机负荷为1.5 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1)(R1),发酵液总氨氮(TAN)浓度达到7.5 g·L^(-1),反应器甲烷产率仍高达0.33 L·g^(-1) VS,并且总挥发性有机酸(TVFA)保持在较低水平(<0.5 g·L^(-1));而当有机负荷升高至2.3 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1)(R2),TAN浓度为7.2 g·L^(-1),反应器仍可保持较高的甲烷产率(0.31 L·g^(-1) VS),但是出现明显的有机酸积累(6.4 g·L^(-1));进一步增加有机负荷至4.5 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1)(R3),运行至100 d后,反应器产气停止。另外,以反应器运行稳定阶段的出料沼液作为接种物测定污泥的比产甲烷活性(SMA),R1和R2反应器的SMA值分别为0.048和0.039 gCOD·g^(-1) VSS·d^(-1),SMA值与其他低氨水平鸡粪厌氧反应器相当。通过主成分分析以及文献对比发现,较低的OLR有利于提高微生物对氨氮的耐受能力,对于高固体鸡粪厌氧消化,相对较低的OLR(<3 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1))是必要的。通过合理调控有机负荷,可以实现高固体鸡粪连续稳定厌氧处理。The effectiveness of biogas production was evaluated using three continuous stirred tank reactors(CSTRs)and high-solid chicken manure(total solid,TS 15%)as the feedstock,with organic loads(OLR)of 1.5,2.3,and 4.5 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1) volatile solids and hydraulic retention times(HRT)of 60,40,and 20 d,respectively.The results show that the OLR was 1.5 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1)(R1)and the total ammonia nitrogen(TAN)concentration of the digestate reached 7.5 g·L^(-1),and the methane yield was as high as 0.33 L·g^(-1) VS,And the total volatile organic acids(TVFA)remained at a low level(<0.5 g·L^(-1));and when the OLR increased to 2.3 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1)(R2),the TAN concentration was 7.2 g·L^(-1),the reactor can still maintain a high methane yield(0.31 L·g^(-1) VS),but there was prominent TVFA accumulation(6.4 g·L^(-1));further increase the OLR to 4.5 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1)(R3),after running to 100 d,the biogas production stopped,and the operation failed.In addition,the specific methanogenesis activity(SMA)values of the R1 and R2 reactors were 0.048 and 0.039 gCOD·g^(-1) VSS·d^(-1),comparable to other low ammonia level anaerobic reactors of chicken manure.Through principal component analysis(PCA)and previous literature comparison,it is found that a lower OLR is beneficial to improve the tolerance of microorganisms to ammonia inhibition.For the anaerobic digestion of high-solid chicken manure,a relatively low OLR(<3 gVS·L^(-1) d^(-1))is required.Through reasonable regulation of OLR,continuous and stable anaerobic treatment of high-solid chicken manure can be achieved.

关 键 词：高固体鸡粪 厌氧消化 有机负荷 比产甲烷活性 长期试验 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程]