基于内容分析法的我国能源安全政策文本量化分析  

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHINA S ENERGY SECURITY POLICY TEXTS BASED ON CONTENT ANALYSIS

作　　者：周海炜[1] 许莹 ZHOU Haiwei;XU Ying(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学商学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《资源与产业》2023年第3期53-68,共16页Resources & Industries

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大资助项目(19ZDA084)。

摘　　要：长期以来政策文件为能源安全保障工作提供规制基础,但随着能源安全问题不断复杂化,能源安全政策制定也面临新要求。为了明晰现有能源安全政策的关注主题、力度以及布局情况,为进一步优化能源安全政策体系提供决策参考,从政策着力点、力度和工具3个方面出发,构建“政策着力点-政策力度-政策工具”三维分析框架,运用内容分析法,对1957—2021年的270条能源安全政策进行量化分析以及时空维度分析。研究表明:1)节能是保障能源安全的第一要务,东北地区较为关注燃气和供热,中部地区关注绿色和安全,东部地区关注企业等非政府组织的作用,西部地区关注能源与用水的关系,总体看来都缺乏对环境安全以及政府考核等主题的关注。2)政策总力度随政策数量的增加而增加,“十三五”时期出台政策数量最多,达85条,政策总力度最大。3)强制型政策工具使用比例为89.07%,其中“禁止/规定”类子工具使用最多,占总数的26.8%,其次为“明确职责”,占14.15%。混合型政策工具使用比例为5.51%,自愿型占5.42%。对此,提出以下建议:借鉴政策着力点分布情况,加强对考核、环境、安全等主题的关注,推动社会组织、资金等加入能源安全保障工作,丰富能源安全政策着力点的关注内容;制定能源安全战略规划,搭建能源安全政策体系,规划政策发文机构,不断修改政策缺陷,填补现实空白,提高政策稳定性、系统性;有针对性地减少强制型政策工具,创新政府管理方式,降低政府监管成本;协调混合型政策工具,充分发挥市场机制作用,扩大自愿型政策工具,加大宣传教育力度,树立能源安全意识。Policy files have long been providing regulations for energy security.As energy security gets increasingly complicated,energy security policy making is facing new requirements.To clarify the topics,intensity and pattern of existing energy security policies,this paper sets up a 3D framework of“policy pivot point-intensity-tool”to provide reference for optimizing energy security policy system,and applies content analysis method to make quantitative and temporal-spatial analysis of 270 energy security policies from 1957 to 2021.Energy saving is the first priority to energy security.Northeastern China focuses on gas and heat supply,central China on green and security,eastern China on non-governmental organizations,and western China on the tie of energy and water,all missing environmental security and government assessment.Total intensity of policy rises with its quantity.Up to 85 pieces of policies are issued during the 13th Five-Year Plan,when the total intensity is the greatest.Mandatory policy tools are used at a rate of 89.07%,of which“prohibition/regulations”amounting to 26.8%,followed by“clarifying responsibilities”amounting to 14.15%.Hybrid and voluntary policy tools are used at a rate of 5.51%and 5.42%.This paper presents suggestions on paying more attention to assessment,environment and security,on pushing social organizations and funds into energy security,on making energy security strategies,constructing energy security policy system and planning policy issuing organizations,on deliberately reducing mandatory policy tools,improving governing methods and decreasing administrative costs.Government shall coordinate hybrid policy tools to fulfill marketing mechanism,and expand volunteer policy tools to boost advocation and intensify energy security awareness.

关 键 词：政策工具 能源安全政策 政策文本分析 三维框架 内容分析法 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]