垄作免耕对紫色水稻土肥力演变的影响  

Effects of Ridge and No-Tillage on Fertility Change of Purple Paddy Soil

作　　者：张岚 秦川[1] 谢德体[1] 石秀丽 蒋先军[1] ZHANG Lan;QIN Chuan;XIE Deti;SHI Xiuli;JIANG Xianjun(College of Resources and Environmental,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第7期138-146,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300901)。

摘　　要：探讨长期垄作免耕对紫色水稻土肥力的年际演变影响,为稻田耕作、培肥管理提供科学参考及建议.依托重庆市北碚区西南大学紫色土肥力肥效长期定位监测基地,选取垄作免耕(Ridge and No-Tillage, RNT)、常规耕作(Conventional Tillage, CT)和冬水田(Flooded Paddy Field, FPF)3种耕作管理模式,统计分析了1990-2018年的土壤pH值以及土壤有机质、全量氮磷钾、速效氮磷钾的质量分数,采用改进后的内梅罗指数法对长期不同耕作措施管理的水稻土土壤综合肥力指数进行计算.结果表明,长期垄作免耕能够有效提高稻田0~20 cm表层土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷质量分数,与1990年相比,到2018年,其增幅分别为42.2%, 37.1%, 30.0%, 122.5%, 352.0%.不同耕作措施下,土壤中全钾和速效钾质量分数随时间迁移并无明显变化.垄作免耕稻田土壤综合肥力指数平均值最高,为0.66,分别比常规耕作和冬水田高0.09和0.18.长期垄作免耕能够有效提高紫色水稻土养分质量分数,提升稻田土壤综合肥力.Cultivation is the most important anthropogenic activity in agriculture,which affects the soil quality.This study aimed to quantify the long-term effects of different tillage regimes on soil fertility.Based on a long-term field experiment,three tillage regimes including ridge and no-tillage(RNT),conventional tillage(CT)and flooded paddy field(FPF)were selected,and a total of eight indexes,including soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were measured during 1990 to 2018.The integrated fertility index was calculated by the improved Nemero index method.The results showed that long-term ridge and no-tillage significantly increased the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the 0-20 cm depth of soil layer,which increased by 42.2%,37.1%,30.0%,122.5%and 352.0%,respectively,by 2018 compared with 1990(p<0.05).The potassium content did not change significantly.The average IFI value of the RNT(0.66)was significantly higher than those of the CT(0.57)and FPF(0.48).Long-term ridge and no-tillage significantly improved soil fertility,mainly increased soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus contents,and effectively maintained potassium contents.These results provide a scientific basis for maintaining and improving soil fertility of paddy soil.

关 键 词：耕作方式 垄作免耕 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]