中国南北过渡带典型流域输沙变化及其驱动因素  

Sediment Load Variations and the Driving Forces in the Typical Drainage Basins of the North-South Transitional Zone of China

作　　者：张珮萱 田鹏[2,3] 穆兴民 赵广举[3] 张雅童 ZHANG Peixuan;TIAN Peng;MU Xingmin;ZHAO Guangju;ZHANG Yatong(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210019,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210029

出　　处：《山地学报》2023年第2期169-179,共11页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100904);国家自然科学基金(U2243211)。

摘　　要：南北过渡带是中国重要的地理-生态过渡带。南北过渡带主要河流的径流量和输沙量发生显著变化,直接影响了流域生态治理、水资源开发利用。前期研究多集中于南北过渡带的某一流域,针对整个区域河流输沙量时空变化特征及驱动因素仍缺乏较系统深入的研究。本文基于1961—2016年渭河、汉江和嘉陵江三个典型流域56个代表性水文站实测输沙资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验和Pettitt突变检验分析流域输沙时空变化特征,结合双累积曲线法定量评估输沙变化影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)三个典型流域内各水文站年输沙量减小趋势均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),咸阳、皇庄以及北碚站2010—2016年的年均输沙量与20世纪60年代相比,减幅超过84%;(2)各站输沙序列主要在20世纪60年代末和1990年左右发生突变;(3)研究区多年平均输沙模数呈现西高东低的空间分布,且随时间变化整体呈现减小趋势,主要侵蚀产沙区包括渭河上游、汉江丹江干流沿岸、汉中盆地周边地区、嘉陵江干流中下游及其支流西汉水、白龙江中下游、涪江上游区域;(4)人类活动是河流输沙量减少的主要驱动因素,对输沙变化的贡献率均超过94%;渭河流域输沙量减少主要受水土保持治理影响,汉江和嘉陵江流域则与生态工程以及梯级水利工程建设有关。本研究可为南北过渡带不同区域水土流失防治以及流域综合治理提供科学依据。The north-south transitional zone is an important geographical-ecological transitional zone in China.Runoff and sediment discharge of the main rivers in the north-south transitional zone have changed significantly,which directly affects the basin-level ecological management and the development and utilization of regional water resources.Previous studies mostly focused on a specific river basin,thus,there was a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the spatial-temporal variation characteristics and driving factors of river sediment load in this zone.In this study,three main rivers in the transitional zone were targeted for investigation into sediment load variations.It collected data of 1961 to 2016 at 56 representative hydrological observation stations located along the Hanjiang River basin,the Jialingjiang River basin,and the mainstream of the Weihe River basin.The spatial-temporal variations of sediment load and the responses to driving factors were detected by using the Mann-Kendall trend test,Pettitt test and double mass curve method.We have following findings:(1)During 1961-2016,annual sediment load decreased significantly at all hydrological observation stations(P<0.01),with sharp drops in sediment load at Xianyang,Huangzhuang and Beibei stations by more than 84%during 2010-2016 as compared with those in the 1960s.(2)Sediment load sequences at each station mainly mutated in the late 1960s and around the 1990s.(3)The special sediment yield in the study area presented a spatial distribution of high in the west and low in the east,with a decreasing trend by time,which indicated that sediment was mainly contributed from the upstream of the Weihe River,the mainstream of the Hanjiang River and the Danjiang River,the surrounding areas of the Hanzhong basin,the lower-middle reach of the Jialingjiang River,the lower-middle reach of the Bailongjiang River,the upstream of the Fujiang River and the Western Han River.(4)Human activities were the dominant driving factors for reduction of sediment load,accounting fo

关 键 词：输沙量 驱动因素 贡献率 人类活动 南北过渡带 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]