基于视觉原理的直槽丝锥轴向几何参数测量方法研究  

Research on Measurement Method of Axial Geometric Parameters of Straight Groove Taps Based on Vision Principle

作　　者：李昊泽 刘永 王宸 王红霞 姜都 龚立雄[2] Li Haoze;Liu Yong;Wang Chen;Wang Hongxia;Jiang Du;Gong Lixiong(不详;College of Mechanical Engineering,Hubei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan,Hubei 442002,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北汽车工业学院机械工程学院,湖北省十堰市442002 [2]湖北工业大学机械工程学院

出　　处：《工具技术》2023年第6期138-142,共5页Tool Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX04027001);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(202002108003,202101124026);教育部人文社科资助项目(20YJCZH150);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2022027);汽车动力传动与电子控制湖北省重点实验室基金(ZDK1201703);湖北汽车工业学院博士基金(BK201905)。

摘　　要：针对目前丝锥测量方法存在自动化程度低和检测时间长的缺点,提出基于视觉原理的直槽丝锥轴向几何参数测量方法。利用Harris角点检测算法获得丝锥关键尺寸图像区域,再使用区域生长法、改进Canny算法和边缘跟踪算法提取丝锥边缘信息;经过牙侧线上一点作一直线垂直于牙侧线,使该点在垂线方向上到相邻牙型角的角平分线距离相等,运用三角形相似法确定牙侧线上的中径点,采用最小二乘法拟合上下牙型中径线,从而测得中径;求出对应牙顶和牙底像素点拟合直线的距离并获得大小径值;用拟合直线测量夹角获得牙型角和切削锥角,将对应牙侧线中径点的距离求均值后获得螺距。实验结果表明:对M14丝锥重复测量10次,上述几何参数的测量相对误差均在0.43%之内,能满足高精度、高效率以及自动测量的工程需求。A measurement method of straight fluted taps axial geometric parameters based on vision principle is proposed aiming at the shortcomings of low automation and long detection time of current tap measurement methods.Harris corner detection algorithm is used to obtain the key size image area of the tap,and then the region growing method,the improved canny algorithm,and the edge tracking algorithm are used to extract the tap edge information.A point on the flank line is found,and a flank line vertical line is made through this point,so that the distance from the point to the angle bisector of the adjacent thread angle in the vertical direction is equal,and the triangle similarity method is used to determine the middle diameter point on the flank line.The pitch diameter is measured by fitting the pitch diameter lines of the upper and lower thread using least squares method.Major and minor diameter value is obtained by finding and measuring distance between the corresponding tooth crest and root pixel points to fit the straight line.The thread angle and the chamfer angle are obtained by measuring the included angle with the fitted straight line.The pitch is obtained by averaging the distances of the mid-diameter points of the corresponding flank line.Experimental results show that the relative error of the measurement of the above geometric parameters is within 0.43%when the M14 tap is measured repeatedly for 10 times,which can meet the engineering requirements of high precision,high efficiency and automatic measurement.

关 键 词：视觉测量 直槽丝锥 几何参数 三角形相似法 

分 类 号：TG722[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具] TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]