我国沿海岛礁常用高程传递技术适用性评价  

Applicability of height connection across seas for coastal islands in China

作　　者：李正元 王建波 彭聪 王志良 LI Zhengyuan;WANG Jianbo;PENG Cong;WANG Ziliang(Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou 510300,China;South China Sea Marine Survey Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou 510300,China;Jiangsu Ocean University of Marine Technology and Geomatics,Lianyungang 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]自然资源部南海调查中心,广东广州510300 [3]江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《海洋测绘》2023年第2期20-24,共5页Hydrographic Surveying and Charting

基　　金：自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室开放基金(MESTA-2020-B006);自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室开放基金(2021B11);广东省自然资源厅2021年省级促进经济高质量发展专项(GDNRC[2021]36)。

摘　　要：沿海岛礁建立与国家高程系统相统一的高程基准,是岛礁开发、建设和保护的基础。对我国沿海岛礁4种常用的跨海高程传递方法:三角高程测量法、短时同步验潮法、GNSS/水准法和重力位差法,从基本原理、工程实践、误差分析和适用条件等方面进行了全面系统地阐述与分析。结果表明:在近岸20 km跨距范围内,4种方法均可使用,其中三角高程测量法最常用。选择合理的测量方案,测量精度可达国家二等水准测量规范要求;离岸20~100 km距离的高程传递,在条件允许的情况下,可在陆海之间海中加观测平台接力传递高程,也可采用短时同步验潮法、GNSS/水准或重力位差法传递高程;对离岸100 km及以上距离的高程传递仍然面临较多困难。The establishment of height datum that is unified with the national height system is the basis for the development,construction and protection of coastal reefs.In this paper,four commonly used sea-crossing elevation transfer methods in China:trigonometric leveling method,short-time synchronous tide gauge method,GNSS/leveling method and geopotential difference method,are comprehensively and systematically expounded and analyzed based of principle,engineering practice,error analysis and applicable conditions.The results show that the four methods can be used in the offshore 20 km span range,and the trigonometric leveling method is the most commonly used.Selecting a reasonable measurement method and scheme,the measurement accuracy can meet the requirements of the second-order leveling;height transfer from 20 km to 100 km offshore can be carried out by adding observation plaform between land and sea,or by short-time synchronous tide gauge,GNSS/leveling or geopotential difference method when conditions permitting;there are still many difficulties in elevation transfer over 100 km offshore.

关 键 词：跨海高程传递 高程基准统一 三角高程测量法 短时同步验潮法 GNSS/水准法 重力位差法 

分 类 号：P224.2[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]