基于能量平衡的融雪期积雪深度模拟  

Simulation of Snow Depth During Melting Period Based on Energy Balance

作　　者：黄东浩[1] 王鹏 周丽丽[1] 孙宏超 HUANG Dong-hao;WANG Peng;ZHOU Li-li;SUN Hong-chao(School of Water Conservaney/Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Ecological Restoration,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院/辽宁省水土流失防控与生态修复重点实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2023年第2期214-223,共10页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500700);辽宁省科学研究经费项目(科研平台培育项目)(LSNPT202002)。

摘　　要：东北黑土区是中国最重要的农业生产区域之一,其气候条件复杂多变,冬季积雪是农业生产的重要保障。为定量描述东北黑土区融雪期积雪消融过程,基于能量平衡原理建立单层融雪模型,对梅河口市吉兴小流域2017年和2018年积雪消融过程的能量收支和积雪深度进行分析和模拟。通过对积雪消融过程的能量平衡分析,结果表明:积雪消融的能量主要来源为净辐射通量,其次受湍流交换的影响。其来源分别占总能量的67.4%~74.7%和18.8%~25.8%。积雪消融时间集中在净辐射通量、显热通量、潜热通量日内集中变化时段,由净辐射通量主导,融化时间为9~15 h,历时7 h,整个融雪期为9~15 d,与其他地区差异明显。雪层能量闭合率最大可达0.67,与积雪深度为正相关关系,但积雪覆盖周期过长会导致积雪表面形成冰层,增加雪表面反射率,会导致能量闭合率较低。利用单层融雪模型对消融过程中积雪深度模拟,结果表明:单层融雪模型模拟积雪深度的平均绝对误差(MAE)<1.5 cm,纳什系数(Nash)>0.8,模拟效果在可接受范围内。该融雪模型的应用可以帮助我们更好地理解季节性积雪区的积雪物理消融过程,为季节性冻融区水资源管理、规划及融雪侵蚀提供理论依据。同时,该融雪模型也可以为其他地区的积雪消融研究提供参考,具有一定的应用价值。The northeast black soil region is one of the most important agricultural production areas in China.Its climate conditions are complex and changeable,and winter snow cover is an important guarantee for agricultural production.In order to quantitatively describe the snow melting process in the northeast black soil region during the snow melting period,this paper established a single-layer snow melting model based on the principle of energy balance,and analyzed and simulated the energy budget and snow depth of the snow melting process in Jixing Small catchment of Meihekou City in 2017 and 2018.Through the energy balance analysis of snow ablation process,the results show that the main energy source of snow ablation is net radiation flux,followed by turbulence exchange.Its sources account for 67.4%‒74.7%and 18.8%‒25.8%of the total energy,respectively.The melting time of snow was concentrated in the diurnal variation period of net radiation flux,sensible heat flux and latent heat flux,which was dominated by net radiation flux.The melting time was 9‒15 h,lasted for 7 h,and the whole melting period was 9-15 d,which was significantly different from other regions.The maximum energy closure rate of snow layer can reach 0.67,which is positively correlated with snow depth.However,too long snow cover period will lead to the formation of ice on the snow surface,and increase the reflectivity of snow surface,which will lead to a low energy closure rate.The single-layer snow melt model is used to simulate the snow depth during the melting process.The results show that the mean absolute error(MAE)and Nash coefficient(Nash coefficient)of the simulated snow depth are less than 1.5 cm and 0.8 respectively,and the simulation effect is within the acceptable range.The application of this snow melt model can help us better understand the physical snow melt process in seasonal snow cover area,and provide theoretical basis for water resources management,planning and snow melt erosion in seasonal freeze-thaw area.At the same time,the

关 键 词：积雪消融 能量平衡 单层融雪模型 东北黑土区 

分 类 号：P426.635[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]