玉米籽粒直收机夹带损失检测系统设计与试验  

Design and Test of Entrainment Loss Detection System for Corn Kernel Direct Harvester

作　　者：刘阳春 李明辉[1,2] 王吉中 冯林 汪凤珠 何晓宁[1] LIU Yangchun;LI Minghui;WANG Jizhong;FENG Lin;WANG Fengzhu;HE Xiaoning(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agriculture University,Qingdao 266109,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第5期140-149,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000601);中国机械工业集团有限公司重大科技专项(ZDZX2020-2)。

摘　　要：针对目前玉米籽粒直收机籽粒损失检测系统缺乏检测夹带损失技术的问题,设计了基于嵌入式单片机的玉米籽粒直收机夹带损失检测系统。该检测系统包括损失检测传感器、数据采集器和数据显示终端,可以同时监测收获机的清选损失和夹带损失,实时反馈收获机的收获损失速率以及损失量。通过模态仿真软件对不同材料、不同厚度的监测板进行有限元分析,选择厚0.5 mm的不锈钢板作为监测板;运用Multisim对滤波器性能进行仿真分析;设计基于STM32系列单片机的自适应限时滤波算法,可以有效抑制谷物撞击引起的的余振干扰。在试验台架上,对不同大小的玉米籽粒、杂余以及玉米穗进行标定试验,获取信号特征;经装机试验表明,玉米籽粒夹带损失检测结果最大误差为9.96%,平均误差约为6.52%,损失速率变化趋势反馈及时,能够辅助工作人员进行作业决策。Aiming at the lack of entrainment loss detection technology in the current domestic corn kernel direct harvester kernel loss detection system,a corn kernel direct harvester entrainment loss detection system based on an embedded single-chip microcomputer was designed.The detection system included a loss detection sensor,a data collector and a data display terminal,which can monitor the cleaning loss and entrainment loss of the harvester at the same time,and feedback the harvesting loss rate and loss amount of the harvester in real time.The finite element analysis of monitoring boards of different materials and thicknesses was carried out through modal simulation software,and a 0.5 mm thick 304 stainless steel plate was selected as the monitoring board;domestic EDA software was used to design signal processing circuits,including voltage followers and Butterworth filters,Multisim was used to simulate and analyze the performance of circuit;an adaptive time-limited filtering algorithm was designed based on the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer,which can effectively suppress the aftershock interference caused by the impact of grains and improve the accuracy of the sensor.On the test bench,under different conditions,the calibration test was carried out on corn kernels,residues and corn ears of different sizes to obtain signal characteristics;the installation test showed that the maximum error of the detection result of corn kernel entrainment loss was 9.96%,and the average error was about 6.52%,and the loss rate change trend feedback was timely,which can assist the staff in making operation decisions.

关 键 词：玉米籽粒直收机 夹带损失检测系统 嵌入式单片机 自适应限时滤波算法 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S237[农业科学—农业工程]