感恩与社会幸福感的双向关系:来自长期追踪法和日记法的证据  

The relationship between gratitude and social well-being:Evidence from a longitudinal study and a daily diary investigation

作　　者：叶颖 张琳婷 赵晶晶[1] 孔风[1] YE Ying;ZHANG Linting;ZHAO Jingjing;KONG Feng(School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第7期1087-1098,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(项目批准号2022JQ-155)。

摘　　要：感恩是一种重要的积极情绪,对人类的社会生活有着重要的意义。已有研究表明,感恩与社会幸福感存在关联,但缺乏因果性证据。为此,本研究采用长期追踪法和日记法探讨感恩和社会幸福感的因果机制。研究1对482名被试进行间隔7个月的两拨次追踪调查,来探讨特质感恩和社会幸福感之间的相互预测关系。交叉滞后分析发现,前测的特质感恩能够预测后测的社会幸福感,前测的社会幸福感也能预测后测的特质感恩。为了减小回忆偏差,研究2对248名被试进行连续21天的日记法调查。结果发现,前一天的状态感恩能预测后一天的社会幸福感,前一天的社会幸福感也能预测后一天的状态感恩。本研究揭示了感恩和社会幸福感之间的因果机制,并提出感恩和社会幸福感的螺旋上升双向影响模型,这对培育个体感恩和提升个体社会幸福感具有一定的实践价值。The positive psychological construct of gratitude is crucial for health and well-being.Previous studies have shown a significant positive correlation between gratitude and social well-being.However,no studies have examined this potentially reciprocal relationship from a longitudinal perspective.According to the broaden-and-build theory and gratitude amplification theory,we hypothesized that gratitude has a predictive effect on social well-being.In addition,based on the personality and social relationships model and self-determination theory,we proposed that social well-being is an antecedent to gratitude.In summary,this research combines a longitudinal study and a daily diary investigation to systematically explore the causal relation between gratitude and social well-being.Study 1 employs a two-wave cross-lagged design to explore the long-term relationship between trait gratitude and social well-being.The sample comprised 563 undergraduate students,who all participated online.Pursuant to the study purpose,participants were asked to complete the gratitude and social well-being scales twice,separated by a seven-month interval.The cross-lagged path analysis suggested reciprocal effects between trait gratitude and social well-being.To reduce recall bias and explore the short-term association between gratitude and social well-being,Study 2 employs a daily diary method.A total of 274 young adults completed daily gratitude and social well-being measures for 21 consecutive days.In Study 1,trait gratitude at T1 significantly positively predicted social well-being at T2,while social well-being at T1 also significantly predicted trait gratitude at T2.These effects remained significant after controlling for age and gender.Consistent with Study 1,Study 2 also revealed a reciprocal relationship:state gratitude on one day positively predicted social well-being the next day,while social well-being on one day also positively predicted state gratitude the next day.Moreover,these relationships were stable after controlling for tim

关 键 词：感恩 社会幸福感 长期追踪法 日记法 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]