敦煌古突厥文《占卜书》的文化特点研究  

On the Cultural Characteristic of Dun-Huang“Irq Bitig”

作　　者：乃日斯克 Nairisike(Ethnic Language Program Center,China Media Group,Beijing 100866,China)

机构地区：[1]中央广播电视总台民族语言节目中心,北京100866

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期32-40,共9页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：敦煌古突厥如尼文《占卜书》是一部展现早期突厥—回鹘社会政治、宗教文化的重要文献,其文化特点研究一直备受关注。《占卜书》与契丹、蒙古等后期游牧民族民间文化、民间文学、历史文献作品相比,它们的故事母题和角色具有明显的相似和传承关系。作为北方游牧民族特有的战争文化之一,写本中反映的战俘迁移习俗成为蒙古英雄史诗中的故事母题,以文学化的形式展现。作为写本当中的形象,《占卜书》中白马的行为与英雄史诗《格斯尔》中的故事母题相似。书中的金翅秃鹰和乌鸦的形象是回鹘萨满教同佛教的混合文化形象,二者均在蒙古民间故事中以同样的文化形象出现。Dun-Huang“Irq bitig”,a significant manuscript which demonstrates the political,religious and cultural identity of ancient Turkic-Uighurs,has long been a focus of research.Compared with Khitan and Mongol folk literatrure tradition,an apparent similarity can be observed in terms of motif and characters.The emigration of war prisoners implies the unique war culture of ancient nomadic tribes of Northern China,which was recorded in Mongolian heroic epic as a literary motif.As an essential figure in Altaic Shamanism,the conduct of white horse recorded in“Irq bitig”coincides with an episode of“Geser”,another famous heroic epic of Mongols.Being the combination figure of Uighur Shamanism and Buddhist culture,the altun qanatlïγtalïm qara qušand crow reemerged in Mongolian folktales as similar cultural emblem.Studying the folk literature and literal works of other nomadic ethnic groups in same lingual system are important way to illuminate the mystery of the Turco-Uighur ancient manuscripts.

关 键 词：突厥文《占卜书》 战争文化 萨满教 阿尔泰语系民族 

分 类 号：C958[社会学—民族学]