盎格鲁-撒克逊时期英格兰的郡区制与早期地方治理  

County System and Early Local Governance in Anglo-Saxon England

作　　者：刘畅 LIU Chang(Historical Research Center,Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou 310015,China)

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院历史研究中心,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期59-68,共10页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：盎格鲁-撒克逊时期英格兰主要实行以郡区制为主的地方管理体制。郡区制是包括郡、百户区和村的一种三级地方行政管理体系。郡的出现以百户区为基础,郡法庭是构成郡政府的最重要的司法和行政机构。百户区由数个村组成,是郡之下的行政单元,百户区内设有百户区法庭负责处理民事案件和情节轻微的刑事案件。村是地方基层组织的一部分,村民大会是村内共同的民众集会。村庄共同体是中世纪英格兰乡村基层组织发展到一定阶段的产物。盎格鲁-撒克逊时期,以郡区制为表征的地方治理彰显了中世纪英格兰三级治理、特定区域治理以及多向化治理的地方治理模式,对于诺曼征服以后的地方社会治理影响深远。In the Anglo-Saxon period,England mainly implemented the local administration system based on the county system.The county system is a three-level local administration system that includes counties,hundreds,and villages.The appearance of the counties is based on the hundreds,and the county court is the most important judicial and administrative institution constituting the county government.The hundred consists of several villages and it is an administrative unit under the county.Within the hundreds are the hundred courts,which handle civil and minor criminal cases.The village is a part of the local grassroots organization,and the vill-town court is the common mass assembly in the village.The village community is the outcome of the development of rural grassroots organizations in medieval England.During the Anglo-Saxon period,the local governance represented by the county system reflects the three-level governance,specific regional governance,and multi-directional governance model of medieval England,which had a profound influence on the local social governance after the Norman Conquest.

关 键 词：盎格鲁-撒克逊 郡法庭 百户区 村庄共同体 地方治理 

分 类 号：K561.31[历史地理—历史学]