三江源区高寒草甸植物群落与土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度的变化特征  

Characteristics of Plant Community and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Alpine Meadow along Altitude Gradient in the Headwaters Region of Three-River on Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：周华坤[1,2] 李珊 孙建 曲家鹏 张中华[1] 马丽 秦瑞敏 魏晶晶 常涛 苏洪烨 胡雪 阿的哈则 袁访 李宏林 ZHOU Hua-kun;LI Shan;SUN Jian;QU Jia-peng;ZHANG Zhong-hua;MA Li;QIN Rui-min;WEI Jing-jing;CHANG Tao;SU Hong-ye;HU Xue;A Di-ha-ze;YUAN Fang;LI Hong-lin(Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Laboratory in Qinghai,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resource and Environment,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]青海大学,青海西宁810016 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第6期1735-1743,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室开放课题(TPESER202209);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A20186);青海省自然科学基金创新团队项目(2021-ZJ-902);2020年中国科学院“西部之光”创新交叉团队-重点实验室专项课题(CASLWC-2021)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨高寒植物群落物种多样性和土壤理化特征随海拔梯度的变化以及相互关系,本研究以不同海拔的典型高寒草甸植被群落为研究对象,综合分析了高寒草地植物群落物种组成、物种多样性及土壤理化性质对海拔梯度变化的响应。结果表明:植物群落在中海拔梯度处物种最丰富,生产力最高;除pH、土壤容重外,土壤环境其他因子含量随海拔梯度增加呈先增加后减少趋势,在中海拔处值最高;物种Margalef指数、Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数均随海拔升高呈单峰变化;植物群落生物量和群落多样性与土壤理化特征之间均呈正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH值之间存在负相关性,影响植物群落多样性的主要环境因子是土壤水分、速效磷和铵态氮,结果表明不同海拔梯度下的环境差异对研究区内植物群落多样性与土壤理化特征具有显著影响。本研究可为三江源区高寒草甸生态系统的保护恢复措施建设提供科学的参考。To explore the changes and correlations between species diversity and soil physicochemical characteristics of alpine plant communities with altitude gradient,this study selected typical alpine meadow vegetation communities at different altitudes as the research objects,the responses of plant community species composition,species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties to altitudinal gradient in alpine meadow were analyzed.The results showed that the plant community had the most abundant species and the highest productivity at the middle altitude gradient;except for pH and soil bulk density,other content of soil environmental factors increased first and then decreased with the change of altitude gradient,and reached the highest at the middle altitude.The species Margalef index,Shannon-Weiner index,Simpson index and Pielou index all showed unimodal changes with the altitude.There was a positive correlation between plant community biomass and community diversity and soil physicochemical characteristics,and negatively correlated with soil bulk density and pH,and the main environmental factors affecting plant community diversity were soil moisture,available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen.The results showed that environmental differences at different altitude had significant effects on plant community diversity and soil physical and chemical characteristics.This study can provide a scientific reference for the construction of protection and restoration measures of alpine meadow ecosystems on the Headwaters Region of Three-River.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 海拔梯度 物种多样性 土壤理化特征 

分 类 号：Q948.158[生物学—植物学]