甘肃中部春播燕麦不同刈割期产量和品质比较研究  

Comparative Study on Yield and Quality of Spring Sowing Oat at Different Mowing Stages in Northwest Arid Region

作　　者：南铭 李晶 王昶[1] 李永生 向达兵[3] 景芳[4] 刘彦明 NAN Ming;LI Jing;WANG Chang;LI Yong-sheng;XIANG Da-bing;JING Fang;LIU Yan-ming(Crop Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730070,China;Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi Gansu province 743000;College of food and biological engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu Sichuan Province 610106,China;College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西743000 [3]成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都610106 [4]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第6期1878-1885,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：成都大学农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室/四川省杂粮产业化工程技术研究中心开放基金课题(2022CC006);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系(CARS-08-E-2)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以8个春播燕麦品种为试验材料,比较了其2017—2018年的4个刈割时期的产量和品质差异,以筛选出甘肃中部旱区燕麦饲草高产优质的最适刈割时期。结果表明:燕麦饲草产量、可溶性碳水化合物、相对饲草价值和相对饲草品质在不同刈割时期间差异极显著(P<0.01),粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量受刈割时期间变化影响较小,品种与刈割期的互作效应对饲草产量和饲用品质的影响显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01),不同燕麦品种饲草产量随刈割时期后移逐渐增大,乳熟期刈割鲜、干草产量最高,平均为33483.3和7377.45 kg·hm^(-2),较孕穗期、抽穗期及开花时期高15.01和20.81%,9.73%和13.82%,5.25%和8.03%,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量较低,分别为26.05%和52.29%,相对饲用价值和相对饲草品质最大,分别为122.29和171.43。从高产优质协同平衡的角度分析,甘肃中部旱作区春播燕麦适宜在乳熟期刈割,既可保质保量,又能高效利用。In this study,the yield and quality differences of 8 spring sowing oat varieties in 4 cutting periods were compared for 2017—2018.In order to select the optimum cutting period for high yield and high quality oat forage in the central arid region of Gansu Province.The results show that:the forage yield,soluble carbohydrate,relative forage value and relative forage quality of oat were significantly different during different cutting periods(P<0.01),and the contents of crude protein,acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were little affected by the change of cutting period.Forage yield and feed quality were significantly(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)under the interaction effect between variety and cutting stage.Forage yield of different oat varieties increased gradually with the prolongation of the cutting stage.Fresh and hay yield from the cutting at its milk maturity stage was the highest with an average of 33483.3 and 7377.45 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Compared to the booting stage,heading stage and flowering stage,they were higher of 15.01%and 20.81%,9.73%and 13.82%,52.25%and 8.03%.The content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber harvested at the milk maturity stage was lower(26.05%and 52.29%,respectively),and the relative feeding value and relative forage quality were the highest(122.29 and 171.43,respectively).From the angle of synergic balance between high yield and high quality,the spring sowing oat in central dry farming area of Gansu province is suitable for cutting at milk ripening stage,which could not only preserve quality and quantity,but also use efficiently.

关 键 词：旱作区 燕麦 刈割时期 产量 饲草品质 

分 类 号：S543.7[农业科学—作物学]