凡纳滨对虾-硬壳蛤池塘综合养殖系统水-气界面CO_(2)通量及其与环境因子的关系  

CO_(2)Flux on Water-Air Interface of Integrated Pond Culture System of Litopenaeus vannamei and Mercenaria mercenaria and Its Relationships with Environmental Factors

作　　者：刘旭博 董世鹏 于力业 单洪伟 张泮波 王芳[1,2] Liu Xubo;Dong Shipeng;Yu Liye;Shan Hongwei;Zhang Panbo;Wang Fang(Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;The Dongying Delta Farming Company Limited,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]东营市三角洲养殖繁育有限公司,山东东营257000

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第8期26-34,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2019FYD0900402)资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘养殖系统养殖期间水-气界面CO_(2)通量及其环境影响因素,以凡纳滨对虾池塘单养系统(L)和凡纳滨对虾-硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)池塘综合养殖系统(低密度硬壳蛤LM-L、中密度硬壳蛤LM-M、高密度硬壳蛤LM-H)为研究对象,采用静态箱气相色谱法逐月监测了养殖期间(5—9月)池塘的水-气界面CO_(2)通量,分析了CO_(2)通量与环境因子的关系。研究表明:(1)对虾单养系统养殖期间水-气界面平均CO_(2)通量为-12.66 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),整体表现为CO_(2)的汇;(2)LM-L、LM-M和LM-H综合养殖系统养殖期间水-气界面平均CO_(2)通量分别为-16.02、-16.48和-36.70 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),整体表现为CO_(2)的汇,随着硬壳蛤放养密度的增加其碳汇能力增强;LM-H系统的CO_(2)通量值显著低于L、LM-L和LM-M系统的CO_(2)通量值(P<0.05);(3)4种养殖系统水-气界面CO_(2)通量与水体溶解氧浓度、叶绿素a含量和净初级生产力呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),水体净初级生产力是影响对虾养殖系统水-气界面CO_(2)通量的关键驱动因子。以凡纳滨对虾-硬壳蛤综合养殖系统平均CO_(2)通量为基准,推算出在养殖期间每公顷该系统可以吸收626.75 kg CO_(2)。研究结果表明,两种凡纳滨对虾池塘养殖系统在养殖期间均表现为碳汇,随着硬壳蛤放养密度的增加,水-气界面CO_(2)的碳汇能力逐渐增强。In order to explore the CO_(2)flux on the water-air interface of Litopenaeus vannamei,L.vannamei monoculture(L)and L.vannamei-Mercenaria mercenaria integrated culture(low clam density LM-L,medium clam density LM-M,high clam density LM-H)systems and its influencing factors,CO_(2)flux across the water-air interface of these culture systems during culture was observed with static chamber-gas chromatography method.The relationship between CO_(2)flux and environmental factors were also analyzed.The average CO_(2)flux on the water-air interface of L was-12.66 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)from May to Sept.,and CO_(2)sank in this period.The average CO_(2)flux on the water-air interface of LM-L,LM-M and LM-H was-16.02,-16.48 and-36.70 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),respectively,and CO_(2)sank.The CO_(2)flux increased with the increase of stocking density of hard clams.The CO_(2)flux of LM-H was significantly lower than that of L,LM-L and LM-M(P<0.05).The CO_(2)flux of the four integrated culture systems negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen concentration,chlorophyll-a concentration and net primary productivity(P<0.05),and net primary productivity was the key factor driving the water-air interface CO_(2)flux of these systems.Based on the average CO_(2)flux of the integrated culture system of shrimp and hard clams,it is estimated that the aquaculture system can absorb 626.75 kg carbon dioxide per hectare during the culture period.Two kinds of pond culture systems of L.vannamei acted as carbon sink during culture.The carbon sink function of CO_(2)on the water-air interface was gradually enhanced with the increase of the stocking density of hard clam.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 硬壳蛤 综合养殖 池塘 二氧化碳通量 环境因子 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖] S968.2[农业科学—水产科学]