海洋平台型材高速切削切屑演化规律研究  

Research on evolution law of chips by high-speed cutting for offshore platform profile

作　　者：杨斌 马连山 耿凯 代福强 YANG Bin;MA Lianshan;GENG Kai;DAI Fuqiang(CNPC Offshore Engineering Company(Qingdao),Qingdao 266520,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团海洋工程(青岛)有限公司,山东青岛266520

出　　处：《石油工程建设》2023年第3期17-24,共8页Petroleum Engineering Construction

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ2503)。

摘　　要：高速切削加工具有高效率、低耗能、高精度等优点,广泛应用于难加工材料的切割与制造中。随着切削速度的提高,切屑会由连续状转变为锯齿状及不连续分段状。不连续分段状切屑的形成伴随着切削力的极大波动,导致加工精度和加工质量的下降,因此研究不连续分段状切屑的形成机理对高速切削有着重要的意义。选取海洋平台316 L钢型材为研究对象,建立其切削有限元模型,分析了切削条件对切屑形貌、切削力、切削温度及形成不连续分段状切屑临界切削速度的影响,揭示了不连续分段状切屑的形成机理。结果表明,不连续分段状切屑是周期性绝热带演化、裂纹萌生及扩展的结果,剪切带在主剪切区发育使裂纹在刀尖成核,并沿剪切带由刀尖向切屑自由表面扩展。另外,形成不连续分段状切屑的临界切削速度随切削厚度的增大而降低,随刀具倾角提高而上升,因此在实际加工过程中需优化上述参数以保证加工质量。High-speed cutting is widely used in the cutting and manufacturing of difficult-to-machine materials due to its advantages of high efficiency,low energy consumption,and high precision.As cutting speed increases,the chip shape changes from being continuous to being serrated and discontinuously segmented.The formation of discontinuously segmented chips is always accompanied by a great fluctuation of cutting force,which leads to a decline in machining accuracy and machining quality.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the formation mechanism of discontinuously segmented chips in high-speed cutting.In this work,the offshore platform 316L steel profile is studied,and its finite element model of cutting is established.The influence of cutting conditions on the chip shape,cutting force,cutting temperature,and critical cutting speed for forming discontinuously segmented chips is analyzed,so as to reveal the formation mechanism of discontinuously segmented chips.The results show that the discontinuously segmented chip is caused by periodic subtropical evolution,as well as crack initiation and propagation.The development of the shear zone in the main shear zone makes the crack nucleate at the tool tip and propagate along the shear zone from the tool tip to the free surface of the chip.In addition,the critical cutting speed for forming discontinuously segmented chips decreases with the increase in cutting thickness and increases with the increase in tool inclination.Therefore,in the actual machining,the above parameters need to be optimized to ensure the machining quality.

关 键 词：高速切削 316L钢 不连续分段状切屑 临界切削速度 

分 类 号：TE95[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备] TG506[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]