不同浓度施肥处理对红壤理化性质与油茶苗生长的影响  

Effects of Different Concentrations of Fertilization on Physicochemical Properties of Red Soil and Growth of Camellia oleifera Seedlings

作　　者：刘思源 陈志彪[1,2] 熊伟 黄锦祥 王海燕 刘丽英[5] 孟抒杰 许祯安 张运富 张仁涛 周文志 王国富 Liu Siyuan;Chen zhibiao;Xiong Wei;Huang Jinxiang;Wang Haiyan;Liu Liying;Meng Shujie;Xu zhenan;Zhang Yunfu;Zhang Rentao;Zhou Wenzhi;Wan Guofu(College of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian Province 350117;Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Ecology Geography Process,Ministry of Education,Fuzhou Fujian Province 350117;Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Construction Co.LTD of Fujian Ninghua County,Fujian Province 365400;Soil Conservation Station of Ninghua County,Fujian Province 365400;Fujian Soil Conservation Experimental Station,Fuzhou 350001;Soil and Water Conservation Center of Ninghua County,Ninghua Fujian Province 365400)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350117 [2]湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350117 [3]宁化县水保生态建设有限公司,福建宁化365400 [4]宁化县水土保持站,福建宁化365400 [5]福建省水土保持试验站,福建福州350003 [6]宁化县水土保持中心,福建宁化365400

出　　处：《亚热带水土保持》2023年第2期1-8,共8页Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2020N5007);福建省水利厅科技项目(MSK202014)。

摘　　要：本研究采用不同施肥处理的盆栽试验方法对宁化水土流失区油茶园土壤肥力和油茶苗生长的影响进行探讨。设计了不施肥处理(CK)、施用传统复合肥料(FH)、施用保水型复合微生物肥料(J)对比实验,其中保水型复合微生物肥料以蛋鸡粪为发酵基质,添加可高效合成γ-聚谷氨酸的枯草芽孢杆菌固体功能菌剂制成,分四个浓度梯度(J 0.25、J 0.5、J 0.75、J 1.0),分析不同浓度施肥处理下油茶园盆栽红壤理化性质和油茶苗生长特征,并讨论适宜油茶苗的生长的施肥浓度。结果表明:①在不同施肥试验后,FH组土壤pH与CK相比无显著差异,J组施肥调控后四种施肥浓度的土壤pH值均显著高于CK(P<0.05)其中pH值分别为CK的1.18、1.28、1.29、1.39倍。FH土壤有机质含量、全氮含量与CK无显著差异,有效磷含量与速效钾含量显著高于CK(P<0.05),且有效磷含量显著高于J 0.2,低于J 0.5、J 0.75、J 1.0,速效钾含量显著高于四个浓度的保水型复合微生物肥料。在保水型复合微生物肥料施肥处理后,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷含量与速效钾含量均显著高于CK(P<0.05),其中土壤有机质含量分别为CK的2.23、3.09、3.44、4.38倍,土壤全氮含量分别为CK的2.42、2.72、2.49、4.42倍,土壤有效磷含量为CK的143.3、257.8、304.78、297.03倍,土壤中速效钾含量分别为CK的1.68、1.59、1.59、2.07倍。②试验7个月后,FH叶绿素相对含量SPAD值与CK相比无显著差异,J组叶绿素含量SPAD值均显著高于CK(P<0.05)。油茶苗叶片叶绿素SPAD含量与土壤养分具有较强的相关性。施肥浓度控制在J 0.5时最适宜油茶苗生长。本研究可为寻找油茶苗适宜的保水型复合微生物肥料施肥浓度提供科学依据。The potted experiments with different fertilization treatments were used to investigate the effects of soil fertility and seedling growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings plantation in the soil erosion area of Ninghua County.A comparative experiment was designed among the application groups of no fertilization treatment(CK),the traditional compound fertilizer(FH)and the water-retaining composite microbial fertilizer(J).Of which,the waterretaining composite microbial fertilizer was made of laying hens'manure as fermentation substrate with the addition of solid functional bacteria of Bacillus subtilis which could efficiently synthesize-polyglutamic acid.Four concentration gradients(J 0.25,J 0.5,J 0.75,J 1.0)under different fertilization treatments were used for the analysis of the physicochemical properties and growth characteristics of Camellia oleifera seedlings plantation in the pot red soil,so as to discuss the suitable fertilization concentration for the growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings.The results showed as follows:(1)There was no significant difference in soil pH between groups of FH and CK,while the soil pH values with four gradients in group J after different fertilization concentrations were significantly higher than CK(P<0.05),the pH values were 1.18,1.28,1.29,1.39 times of group CK,respectively.There was no significant difference in soil organic matter content and total N content between groups of FH and CK.The content of available P and rapidly available K was significantly higher than that of group CK(P<0.05),and the content of available P was significantly higher than that of group of J 0.25,lower than that of group J 0.5,J 0.75 and J 1.0.The content of rapidly available K was significantly higher than that of four concentrations of water-holding compound microbial fertilizer.After fertilization treatment of water-retaining compound microbial fertilizer,soil organic matter content,total N,rapidly available P content,and rapidly available K content were significantly higher than group CK after soil

关 键 词：红壤 油茶 土壤肥力 生长特征 施肥浓度 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]