非法吸收公众存款罪“司法二元标准”的问题与出路  

Problem of and Solution to the“Dual Standard”for Judicial Application of Crime of Illegally Absorbing Public Deposits

作　　者：邹玉祥 ZOU Yuxiang(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期121-129,共9页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“刑法的立体分析与关系刑法学研究”(19AFX007)。

摘　　要：由于线上集资的监管规范与线下集资规范在理念和内容上存在较大差异,刑法在评价同质行为时可能会得出罪与非罪不同的结论,即同样是向不特定社会公众吸收资金并用于正常生产经营,线上集资借款人若不违反其他禁止性规定即为合法,在线下环境中则要受到刑法的否定性评价。此种“二元标准”现象是由监管理念之差异以及特定概念之泛化导致的。可从两方面化解:在解释论层面,本罪保护的是一种特定的市场交易秩序,即禁止以承诺保本付息的方式进行集资的交易规则。若一般集资行为不具有保本属性,则不属于本罪所规制的行为类型。在立法论层面,应转变金融监管理念,修订滞后的规范内容。应根据不同集资形态制定有针对性的监管细则,明确其中的权利义务、交易方式、利率限制和违约责任等内容,合理引导民间融资健康发展。Due to the great differences in concept and content between the regulatory norms of online fund-raising and those of offline fund-raising,the criminal law may draw different conclusions of crime and non-crime when evaluating homogenous behaviors,that is,the borrower is legal if it does not violate other prohibitive provisions in online fund-raising while,in an offline environment,it is still subject to the negative evaluation of criminal law.This unreasonable“dual standard”phenomenon is mainly caused by the difference of supervision concept and the generalization of specific concepts,which can be resolved from the following two aspects.At the level of interpretation theory,this crime protects a specific market transaction order,that is,the transaction rules that prohibit the fund-raising by promising to guarantee the principal and pay interest.If the general fund-raising behavior does not have the property of capital preservation,it does not belong to the behavior type regulated by this crime.At the level of legislation theory,we should change the concept of financial supervision,revise the content lagging behind the development of the times,and build a complete and coordinated financial supervision and regulation system.

关 键 词：非法吸收公众存款罪 评价差异 保本付息 监管理念 行刑衔接 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]