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作 者:杨芸[1] YANG Yun(Hunan University of Finance and Economics,Changsha,410205)
机构地区:[1]湖南财政经济学院,长沙410205
出 处:《中国劳动》2023年第1期5-22,共18页China Labor
基 金:湖南省自然科学基金项目“制造业数字化促进高质量就业的影响机理、传导路径及优化机制研究”,项目编号:2022JJ40020;湖南省教育厅科研项目“制造业服务化转型与高质量就业的协同推进与可持续机制研究”,项目编号:21B0837。
摘 要:中国制造业的“低端锁定”本质上是人力资本需求的“低端锁定”。随着中国人力资本结构不断高级化,劳动力市场与企业间人力资本的结构性不匹配问题愈加凸显。理论分析和实证检验表明,这种结构性差异会对制造业企业产生显著的负面影响。在替换关键变量以及控制内生性问题后该结论同样成立,并且企业的人力资本结构特征、企业所在城市或行业的特征等因素均会产生异质性影响。进一步研究发现,人力资本的结构性不匹配会造成企业用工成本上升以及全要素生产率降低进而对生产经营产生不利影响。研究表明,处于“低端锁定”的制造产业会随着人力资本供需结构不匹配程度的增加逐步走入“低端困境”,只有倒逼企业通过升级人力资本进而加大对技术升级和研发创新的投入,才有可能逐渐步入良性发展轨道。The"low-end lock-in"of China's manufacturing industry is essentially the"lowend lock-in"of human capital needs.With the continuous upgrading of China's human capital structure,the structural mismatch of human capital between the labor market and enterprises has become increasingly prominent.The theoretical analysis and empirical test show that this structural difference will have a significant negative impact on manufacturing firms.The conclusion is still valid after replacing key variables and controlling for endogeneity problems.Factors such as the human capital structure of the enterprise and the characteristics of the city or industry where the enterprise is located will have a heterogeneous impact.Further research found that the structural mismatch of human capital will lead to an increase in labor costs and a decrease in total factor productivity,which will adversely affect production and operation.The research shows that the manufacturing industry in the"low-end lock-in"will gradually enter the"low-end dilemma"with the increase of the mismatch between the supply and demand structure of human capital.Only with encouraging enterprises to enhance human capital and investment in technology upgrading and innovation in R&D can it gradually enter a healthy development track.
分 类 号:F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]
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