漕运与荒政:略论北宋的漕粮赈济  

The Canal Transport and Famine Relief:Study on Tribute Grain Relief in the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：裴一璞 房智超 Pei Yipu;Fang Zhichao

机构地区：[1]聊城大学运河学研究院

出　　处：《农业考古》2023年第3期129-138,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金一般项目“宋代边疆民族地区食盐冲突、政府调控与国家认同研究”(项目编号:21BMZ017)。

摘　　要：北宋漕粮除了供奉中央外,在备荒和临灾救济中也有着重要的地位。朝廷通过截留、调拨、宽减的方式,将准备起运或运输途中的漕粮投放至被灾地区,用作地方救灾。其受益地区之广泛、数额之巨大为前代所未有,并形成了一套规范化的程序和流程。在实际运行过程中,赈济漕粮的用途以赈给、赈粜为主,兼之借贷、工赈等措施。漕粮赈济有效解决了被灾地区的粮食供给问题,稳定了灾区的社会秩序,对灾后生产和经济恢复、发展起到一定积极作用,反映了宋代统治者“一本仁厚”的施政理念。然而在古代王朝的统治逻辑之下,朝廷的利益始终是摆在第一位的,漕粮赈济并未脱离漕运制度和中央财政的桎梏,只是停留在具体救荒措施层面,并未形成一种独立的社会救济制度。The tribute grain in the Northern Song Dynasty not only served for the central government,but also played an important role in famine preparation and disaster relief.By means of interception,allocation and reduction,the government put the tribute grain in preparation or in transit into the affected areas for local famine relief.Its benefit area was extensive and the amount was huge unprecedentedly,forming a set of standardized procedures and processes.In the actual implementation process,it was mainly used for direct giving and low selling,supplemented by lending,work relief and other measures.The tribute grain relief effectively solved the problem of food supply,maintained the social order in the disaster-stricken areas,and played a positive role in post-disaster rehabilitation and economic recovery,reflecting the Song Dynasty rulers'policy philosophy of"taking benevolence and kindness as the basis of governing the country".However,during the period of the centralized rule of absolutism,the interests of the central government were always placed in the first place.The tribute grain relief did not break away from the shackles of the canal transport system and the central finance,but remained at the level of specific relief measures,which did not form an independent social relief system.

关 键 词：北宋 漕粮 漕运 灾荒救济 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]