Recommendations for procedures related to the evidence chain of custody in forensic anthropology in Brazil  

作　　者：Nicole Prata Damascena Melina Calmon Silva Alexandre Raphael Deitos Rosane Pérez Baldasso Renata Cristina Grangeiro Ferreira Cristian Kotinda Júnior Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado 

机构地区：[1]Departamento de Polícia Técnica da Bahia,Bahia,Brazil [2]Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas,Brasilia,Brazil [3]Instituto Nacional de Criminalística da Polícia Federal,Brasilia,Brazil [4]Departamento Médico-Legal do Instituto-Geral de Perícias do Rio Grande do Sul(IGP/RS),Porto Alegre,Brazil [5]Instituto de Criminalística da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal,Brasilia,Brazil.

出　　处：《Forensic Sciences Research》2022年第4期609-622,共14页法庭科学研究（英文）

摘　　要：Forensic anthropologists perform specialised analysis,mainly involving skeletonised human remains,cadavers in advanced stages of decomposition,disassociated elements from the human body,and human remains in extreme carbonisation.The main objectives of the forensic anthropology expertise are human identification and assisting in determining the cause and manner of death.Estimating the time since death is also a priority for some cases,especially ones involving missing persons.This science works on individual cases,violent deaths,missing persons,mass disasters,suspected violations of human rights,and crimes against humanity.Forensic anthropological evidence is,in general,very sensitive.Thus,it is important to detail aspects relevant to the maintenance of the chain of custody at all phases of the investigation,as well as standardise the actions of the individuals involved.This aims to preserve the evidence integrity and sameness(Sameness:free translation of the Portuguese word“mesmidade”,derived from a Spanish word that does not possess a translation to Portuguese.Sameness of evidence is understood as the guarantee that the evidence under valuation(or under analysis of its probative value)is exactly and integrally the same one which was collected,corresponding,therefore,to“the same”(and not“part of”,“derived from”),safeguarding its value.Brazil Law No.13.964 of 14 December 2019 establishes and lists 10 phases related to the evidence chain of custody that must be followed.These newly introduced requirements resulted in the need for adaptation of the forensic,investigative,and legal actors involved in an investigation,and in the detailed description of the procedures for the different areas related to criminalistics,including forensic anthropology.The information provided in this article should be interpreted as recommendations,even though their non-compliance may weaken the investigative and forensic analysis processes in whole or in part.

关 键 词：Forensic sciences forensic anthropology chain of custody EVIDENCE LAW Brazil 

分 类 号：TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]