铜/钨异种金属冷焊接头组织与力学性能研究  

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper/Tungsten Dissimilar Metal Cold Welded Joint

作　　者：吴超梅 刘飞[1] 陈韬 WU Chaomei;LIU Fei;CHEN Tao(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《电焊机》2023年第6期55-61,共7页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(51704092);大学生创新创业国家级项目(202210359101)。

摘　　要：随着对金属材料强度的要求越来越高,单一金属材料的性能具有巨大的局限性,已难以满足人们日益增长的使用需要。近年来,Cu/W异种金属的连接在焊接领域发挥着日益重要的作用。本文采用冷焊技术制备出了钨/铜异种金属焊接搭接头,研究表明冷焊焊接电流对接头的成形有显著的影响,160 A时,界面处存在许多孔洞、未焊合缺陷,断裂发生在界面结合处;170 A时发生咬边,且焊缝中靠近熔合线处出现气孔聚集,断裂发生在此处;180 A时焊缝成形较均匀,界面结合较致密,Cu、W的扩散程度最大,接头强度最高,断口在钨上;190 A时,焊点之间交叠、间隔,连接面积变化大,界面及焊缝处均存在很大气孔,焊件质量不稳定。接头剪切强度随电流升高呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,180 A时达到峰值77.78 MPa,焊接接头质量最好。焊后钨侧硬度与焊前相差不大,焊缝处硬度极低,热影响区的硬度介于铜母材与焊缝之间,界面处的硬度随电流的增大而减小。除170 A外,其他电流参数下接头都无明显的软化区。With increasing requirements for the strength of metal materials,the performance of single metal materials has great limitations,and it is difficult to meet the growing needs of people.In recent years,the connection of Cu/W dissimilar metals has played an increasingly important role in the welding field.In this paper,Cu/W dissimilar metal welded joints are produced by cold welding technology.The results show that the cold welding current has an obvious influence on the forming of the joint.At 160 A,there are many holes and unwelded defects at the interface,and the fracture occurs at the interface junction.Undercut appears at 170 A,and pores gather near the fusion line in the weld,where the fracture occurs.At 180 A,the weld seam is formed more evenly,the interface bonding is compact,the diffusion degree of Cu and W is the largest,the joint strength is the highest,and the fracture occurs on the tungsten base metal.At 190 A,solder joints overlap and the connection area changes greatly.There are large pores at the interface and weld,and the quality of the weld is unstable.The joint strength first increases and then decreases with the increase of current,reaching a peak value of 77.78 MPa at 180 A,and the quality of the welded joint is the best.The hardness of tungsten side after welding is not significantly different from that before welding,and the hardness of weld is extremely low.The hardness of heat affected zone is between copper base metal and weld,and the hardness of interface decreases with the increase of current.Except for 170 A,the joint has no obvious softening zone under other current parameters.

关 键 词：铜/钨 异种金属 冷焊 接头微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG457.1[金属学及工艺—焊接]