气吸式白萝卜滚轮排种器设计与试验  

Design and Test of Air Suction Type White Radish Roller Seed Metering Device

作　　者：闫建伟[1,2] 魏松 胡冬军 刘启合 苟园旻 Yan Jianwei;Wei Song;Hu Dongjun;Liu Qihe;Gou Yuanming(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Mountainous Agriculture Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省山地农业智能装备工程研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第11期169-174,181,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2019]3014-3);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2020]1Z002-4号)。

摘　　要：针对现有白萝卜播种大多以人工点播为主、播种效率低、播种精度差等问题,设计了一款针对白萝卜的气吸式滚轮精量排种器。通过结合白萝卜种子特性和农艺种植进行理论分析和计算,确定了排种盘结构及参数。自行搭建白萝卜排种性能试验台对排种器进行播种性能试验,并对排种器排种性能影响较大的排种盘转速、负气压室气压值进行优化。以单粒合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数为评价指标,以排种盘转速、负气压室气压值为因素进行了二因素三水平二次回归正交试验,对正交试验结果建立了回归模型,并对模型进行寻优,结果表明:排种盘转速为30.540r/min、气室真空度为6.58kPa时,播种机工作性能最好。根据实际工作情况,选择负气压室气压6.50kPa、排种器转速30r/min得到平均单粒合格指数为94.10%、漏播指数为1.75%、重播指数为0.78%,结果满足白萝卜精量播种要求。In order to solve the problems such as artificial seeding,low seeding efficiency and poor seeding precision,an air-suction roller precision metering device for white radish was designed.Based on the theoretical analysis and calculation of the characteristics of white radish seed and the agronomy planting,the parameters of the seed-metering plate structure were determined.The seeding performance test of the seed metering device was carried out on the self-built white radish seed metering device,and the optimization of the rotating speed of the seed metering disc and the air pressure of the negative air pressure chamber was carried out.Two-factor three-level quadratic regression orthogonal test was carried out with single grain qualified index,missed seeding index and reseeding index as evaluation indexes,and the rotation speed of seeding plate and the air pressure value of negative pressure chamber as factors.The regression model was established based on the orthogonal test results,and the model was optimized.The results showed that the performance of the seeder was the best when the rotating speed of the seeder was 30.540 r/min and the vacuum of the air chamber was 6.58 kPa.According to the actual working condition,the air pressure in the negative air pressure chamber is 6.50 kPa,the rotation speed of the metering device is 30 r/min,the average single seed qualified index is 94.10%,the missing seeding index is 1.75%,and the reseeding index is 0.78%.

关 键 词：气吸式排种器 响应面法 白萝卜 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.3[农业科学—农业工程]