基于PDCA的某玉米联合收获机支架断裂失效分析  

Broken Failure Analysis of Bracket of a Corn Combine Harvester Based on PDCA

作　　者：聂美玲 常建国[1] 叶彤[1] 孙士明[1] 王海洋 王健富 刘兴博[1] 杨金砖[1] 兰海涛[1] 邢璐露[1] Nie Meiling;Chang Jianguo;Ye Tong;Sun Shiming;Wang Haiyang;Wang Jianfu;Liu Xingbo;Yang Jinzhuan;Lan Haitao;Xing Lulu(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science,Harbin 150081,China;Harbin Xiquanyan Reservoir Management and Protection Center,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨市西泉眼水库管护中心,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第12期15-19,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD070190503)。

摘　　要：介绍了“PDCA”循环的应用原理,介绍了“5G”“5W1H”“4M”“5Why”等4种工具的含义,并将这4种工具与“PDCA”循环有机结合进行应用。以某收获机后桥支架断裂的实际质量问题为载体,详细说明如何应用“PDCA”循环的方法以及“5G”工具有效地获取信息,应用“5W1H”的工具准确地描述问题,基于“4M”的工具排除“人”“机”“法”的影响,确定根本原因在于“料”。通过对5组样本“料”的结构尺寸、化学成分、金相组织和机械性能进行检测,确定不合格因素为零件的化学成分、金相组织和机械性能不能满足设计要求;应用“5Why”的分析法确定根本影响因素为零件材料的化学成分。针对化学成分不满足设计要求这一根本原因制定相应的整改措施,实施整改并进行追踪,继而对实施的整改方案进行跟踪和检验,最终实现标准化作业。研究可为应用“PDCA”循环解决质量问题、寻找缺陷产生的根本原因提供标准化的分析方法,同时可作为一个解决问题的流程推广到其他领域。This paper introduces the application principle of PDCA cycle,introduces the meaning of“5G”,“5W1H”,“4M”and“5Why”,and organically combines these four tools with PDCA cycle.Taking the actual quality problem of the rear axle support fracture of a Combine as the carrier,this paper explains in detail how to apply the PDCA cycle method and“5G”tools to effectively obtain information;Use the tool of“5W1H”to accurately describe the problem;The“4M”based tool eliminates the influence of“man”,“machine”and“method”,and determines that the root cause is“material”.Through the inspection of the dimension,chemical composition,metallurgical structure and mechanical properties of the"material"of five groups of samples,it is determined that the unqualified factor is that the chemical composition,metallurgical structure and mechanical properties of the parts can not meet the design requirements;The fundamental influencing factor determined by“5Why”analysis method is the chemical composition of the part material.Then,corresponding rectification measures are formulated,implemented and tracked for the root cause that the chemical composition does not meet the design requirements.Then track and verify the rectification to realize standardized operation.This paper can provide standardized analysis methods for applying PDCA cycle to solve quality problems and find the root causes of defects.At the same time,it can be extended to other fields as a problem-solving process.

关 键 词：玉米联合收获机 支架 断裂 失效分析 “PDCA”循环 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]