马铃薯播种机漏播监测与补种系统设计研究  

Study on Missed Sowing Monitoring and Reseeding System Design of Potato Planter

作　　者：李平[1] 冯伟[1] 张先锋[1] 钟魏然 王攀 崔晋波[1] Li Ping;Feng Wei;Zhang Xianfeng;Zhong Weiran;Wang Pan;Cui Jinbo(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Sichuan Agricultural Machinery Research and Design Institute,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [2]四川省农业机械研究设计院,成都610066

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第12期81-88,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2021YFQ0069)。

摘　　要：针对现有马铃薯播种机存在的适应性差、株距变异大、漏播率及伤薯率高的问题,设计了以AT89S51为控制核心的马铃薯播种机漏播监测系统。系统由触发和红外监测模块组成,触发模块由小磁钢和霍尔传感器组成,当小磁钢靠近霍尔传感器时,系统就会触发启动由红外发射和接收模块组成的马铃薯漏播监测系统。系统安装在主播种勺链和补薯勺链监测点上,如果红外线监测系统发现主勺链和补薯勺链任意一个未有种薯时,便会立即驱动步进电机实现快速补薯。补薯机构由单行双链的勺链式取种机构组成,取种勺链分为主播种勺链和补薯勺链,主播种勺链用地轮驱动,补薯勺链用步进电机驱动,两个播种链共用一个下薯口,以保证播种的株距一致;当漏播监测系统监测主播种勺链没有种薯时,便立即驱动步进电机带动补薯勺链作业,实现精准补薯。试验结果表明:勺链的工作线速度在0.4~0.7m/s时,补薯成功率为85%~87%,总播种成功率为99%,提高了马铃薯播种机的作业性能,且此勺链式取种机构工作线速度较前人研究的勺链工作线速度有所提高。Aiming at the problems of poor adaptability,large variation of plant spacing,high missed sowing rate and damaged potato rate of the existing potato planter in sowing operation,the missed sowing monitoring system of potato planter with AT89S51 as the control core is studied.The system is composed of trigger and infrared monitoring modules.The trigger module is composed of small magnetic steel and Hall sensor.When the small magnetic steel is close to the hall sensor,The system will trigger and start the potato missing sowing monitoring system composed of infrared transmitting and receiving modules.The system is installed on the monitoring points of the main sowing spoon chain and the supplementary potato spoon chain at the same time.If the infrared monitoring system finds that there is no seed potato in either of the main spoon chain and the supplementary potato spoon chain,it will immediately drive the stepping motor to realize rapid supplementary potato.The potato supplement mechanism is composed of a single row double chain spoon chain seed taking mechanism,in which the seed taking spoon chain is divided into the main seed spoon chain and the potato supplement spoon chain.The main seed spoon chain is driven by the land wheel,and the potato supplement spoon chain is driven by the stepping motor.The two sowing chains share a lower potato mouth to ensure the same plant spacing,When the missing seeding monitoring system monitors that there is no seed potato in the anchor seed spoon chain,it will immediately drive the stepping motor to drive the potato supplement spoon chain to realize accurate potato supplement.The test shows that when the working linear speed of spoon chain is 0.4~0.7m/s,the success rate of potato supplement is 85%~87% and the total success rate of sowing is 99%,which solves the operating performance of potato planter well,and the working linear speed of spoon chain seed taking mechanism studied in this paper is higher than that of spoon chain studied by predecessors.

关 键 词：马铃薯播种机 漏播监测 自动补薯装置 勺链式取种器 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.39[农业科学—农业工程]