车载式施肥喷药一体机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Vehicle-mounted Fertilizer Spreading and Spraying Integrated Machine

作　　者：苟于江 何辉波[1,2] 李华英 王大明[1] 张冕 Gou Yujiang;He Huibo;Li Huaying;Wang Daming;Zhang Mian(College of Engineering,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Hilly and Mountainous Regions,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715 [2]丘陵山区农业装备重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第12期89-95,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2020jscx-msxmX0192);国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110635066)。

摘　　要：针对丘陵山区施肥喷药劳动强度大、作业效率低、肥料和药液利用率不高等问题,设计了一种车载式施肥喷药一体机。阐述了一体机的结构和工作原理,对施肥、喷药的关键部件进行了设计,并分析了肥料颗粒的运动特性和喷杆机构的运动原理。一体机通过肥量调节机构、撒肥圆盘设置施肥量和实现均匀施肥,通过PWM(脉宽调制)技术、双向多方位喷杆机构调节喷药量及实现竖直、倾斜、对地3种喷药模式的任意切换,提高了药液利用率。试验结果表明:施肥作业时,不同施肥口开度下的平均施肥量为16.56~540.76 g/min;当落肥口开度为60%时,施肥均匀性变异系数(Cv=9.01%)最小,施肥性能最好。喷药作业时,不同PWM占空比下的喷头喷药量范围为74.94~345.41mL/min;当PWM占空比增大到100%时,喷药量变异系数(CV=2.54%)最低,喷药性能最好。同时,通过试验建立了施肥、喷药量控制数学模型,旨在为丘陵山区施肥、喷药机械的设计与研发提供技术与理论支撑。In view of the problems of high labor intensity of fertilization and spraying,low work efficiency,and low utilization rate of fertilizer and chemical liquid in hilly and mountainous areas,a vehicle-mounted fertilizer and spraying integrated machine was researched and designed.The machine structure and working principle of the machine were described,the key components of fertilization and spraying were designed,and the movement characteristics of fertilizer particles and the movement principle of the spray rod mechanism were analyzed.The machine sets the amount of fertilizer and realizes uniform fertilization through the fertilization amount adjustment mechanism and the fertilizing plate;the spraying volume was adjusted and the three spraying modes of vertical,inclined and ground spraying were adjusted by PWM(pulse width modulation)technology and the two-way multi-directional spray bar mechanism.The utilization rate of the medicine liquid was improved by the arbitrary switching of the medicine mode.The test results showed that the average fertilization amount under different fertilization openings was 16.56~540.76 g/min.When the opening of the fertilizer opening was 60%,the coefficient of variation of fertilization uniformity(Cv=9.01%)was the smallest and the fertilization performance is the best.During the spraying operation,the spraying volume range under different PWM duty ratios was 74.94~345.41 ml/min.When the PWM duty cycle was increased to 100%,the coefficient of variation of spray volume(Cv=2.54%)was the lowest and the spray performance was the best.At the same time,the control model of fertilization and spraying amount was established through experiments.The research results can provide technical and theoretical support for the design and development of fertilizer and spraying machinery in hilly and mountainous areas.

关 键 词：施肥喷药一体机 均匀性变异系数 车载式 

分 类 号：S224.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]