三维亚音速运动介质中的高斯波束追踪  

Gaussian beam tracing for three-dimensional sound propagation problems in subsonic moving medium

作　　者：陈雨晨 张海刚 张明辉[1,2,3] 杨士莪[1,2,3] Chen Yu-Chen;Zhang Hai-Gang;Zhang Ming-Hui;Yang Shi-E(National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150001,China;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学,水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),工业和信息化部,哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学,水声工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第12期139-150,共12页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:12174078,11904292);黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金(批准号:3236330022)资助的课题。

摘　　要：为了充分考虑介质运动对声传播的影响,建立了一种利用高斯波束法求解亚音速运动介质中的声传播问题的模型.该模型基于高频近似任意马赫数的速度势函数亥姆霍兹方程,采用波束追踪方法,推导了运动介质中的动态射线方程组,进而将偏微分方程转换成常微分方程组的形式.理论表明运动介质中波束的扩展更为复杂,并且声线管束内的能量不一定守恒.将该模型应用于标准问题、水平分层大气次声三维远距离传播问题和墨西哥湾流流域的声传播问题,仿真结果表明,相比于常用的N×2D近似计算方法,运动介质中的高斯波束追踪法充分考虑了介质运动的影响,特别是横风的作用,可以更加精确地计算运动介质中的三维声场;尽管海流的马赫数很小,但是同样会定量地改变声传播,影响会聚区位置,在一些区域考虑海流和不考虑海流的计算结果相差5 d B以上.The study of sound propagation in moving medium is important in various fields,such as atmospheric sound and underwater acoustics.To address this problem,a three-dimensional Gaussian beam tracing model is developed for subsonic moving medium,based on the Helmholtz equation of velocity potential for high-frequency sound wave in a moving medium with arbitrary Mach numbers.The dynamic ray equations in the moving medium are derived by using the beam tracing method,and further the partial differential equation is transformed into ordinary differential equations,so as to be able to more efficiently and accurately calculate the three-dimensional sound field in the moving medium.The Gaussian beam tracing method reveals that the expansion of the beam in a moving medium is more complex than in a static medium,and the energy in the ray tube is not necessarily conserved.The model is applied to several problems,including point source sound propagation in a semi-infinite homogeneous medium,three-dimensional long-range sound propagation in horizontally layered atmospheres,and three-dimensional sound propagation in the Gulf Stream.The results of the point source sound propagation problem in the semi-infinite homogeneous medium verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the model.The results of the atmospheric sound propagation problem indicate that compared with the commonly used N×2D method,the three-dimensional Gaussian beam tracing in a moving medium fully considers the effect of medium motion,especially the effect of crosswind,and can calculate the sound pressure field more accurately.Although the Mach number of the ocean current is very small,its effect cannot be ignored.The ocean current can quantitatively change the sound propagation mode and affect the convergence zone position.In some areas,the difference between calculation results with and without considering the ocean current is more than 5 dB.Moreover,the deviation of rays caused by lateral flow is much smaller,and even in the areas with complex terrain,the deviation

关 键 词：高斯波束追踪 亚音速运动介质 大气声传播 水声传播 

分 类 号：O422.5[理学—声学]