土壤氧化亚氮产生路径及其研究方法进展  

Review on the pathways of soil nitrous oxide production and its research methods

作　　者：何美霞 段鹏鹏 李德军[2] HE Meixia;DUAN Pengpeng;LI Dejun(Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal and Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection,Ministry of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541006,Guangxi,China;Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;College of Life Science,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541006,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [3]广西师范大学生命科学学院,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第6期1497-1508,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32001175);广西“八桂学者”项目;国家“万人计划”项目资助

摘　　要：作为对流层主要的温室气体和臭氧层主要的破坏物质,氧化亚氮(N2 O)的来源在全球气候变化研究中备受关注。土壤N_(2)O的产生路径包括生物(自养硝化、异养硝化、硝化细菌反硝化、硝化耦合反硝化、异养反硝化、联合反硝化和硝酸盐异化还原成铵)和非生物过程。不管是针对土壤N_(2)O排放调控,还是利用地球系统模型更准确模拟土壤N_(2)O排放及其对环境变化的响应,定量不同过程对N_(2)O产生的贡献均具有重要意义。然而,由于多个过程往往同时发生,难以区分单个路径对N_(2)O产生的相对贡献。目前,研究N_(2)O产生路径的方法主要有分子生物技术法、抑制剂法以及稳定同位素法。本文综述了土壤N_(2)O产生路径及其研究方法,并指出了每种方法的优势与局限性以及未来潜在的重点研究方向。一方面可为科研人员开展相关研究提供参考,另一方面有助于深入认识土壤N_(2)O排放的主要来源,为制定合理有效的N_(2)O减排措施提供理论依据。Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)is a greenhouse gas in the troposphere and contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere.Soil N_(2)O production involves biotic(autotrophic nitrification,heterotrophic nitrification,nitrifier deni⁃trification,nitrification⁃coupled denitrification,heterotrophic denitrification,codenitrification,dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium)and abiotic pathways.A couple of N_(2)O production pathways may occur simultaneously,it is thus difficult to quantify the contribution of a single pathway to N_(2)O production.However,quantifying the contri⁃bution of individual pathways to total N_(2)O production is necessary to mitigate soil N_(2)O emission,or to simulate soil N_(2)O production and its responses to global change using Earth system models.Some methods have been developed to decipher N2 O production pathways,including molecular methods,inhibition techniques,and stable isotope methods.Here,we review current status of soil N2 O production pathways and their research methods.We pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the knowledge gaps.The information is useful for researchers to carry out relevant researches,or can help understand the major sources of soil N_(2)O emission and thus make effective measures to mitigate soil N_(2)O emission.

关 键 词：氧化亚氮来源 生物路径 非生物路径 分子生物技术法 抑制剂法 同位素法 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]