氦低温离心式冷压机前掠叶型的流动特征分析  

Flow characteristics analysis of forward-swept blade profile of helium cryogenic centrifugal cold compressor

作　　者：张衍 孙久策 张帅 张朋 王大飞 欧阳峥嵘 Zhang Yan;Sun Jiuce;Zhang Shuai;Zhang Peng;Wang Dafei;Ouyang Zhengrong(Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201204,China;Shanghai University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海高等研究院,上海201204 [2]上海科技大学,上海201210

出　　处：《低温工程》2023年第3期27-35,共9页Cryogenics

基　　金：中国科学院先导专项课题(XDC10010500)。

摘　　要：通过对氦低温离心式冷压机气动设计特点进行分析总结,开展了离心叶轮前掠叶型对氦低温冷压机特性影响的数值仿真探究工作,详细阐明了前掠叶型对冷压机特性的影响规律和其内部流动特征,研究结果表明:氦低温冷压机的气动设计具备3大主要特点,热负荷波动下的宽工作裕度、小尺寸效应下的高效增压、极低温区的小误差设计与仿真。前掠叶型实现了冷压机工作裕度6%的拓宽,兼具效率和压比的增益效果。其流场呈现激波和泄漏涡初始形成位置相对提前的特征,使得激波和二次流涡团所产生的损失效应在下游流道中强度梯度降低。另一方面,前掠叶型可有效提升冷压机的压比和稳定工作范围,削弱通道内部不稳定流动状态。在氦低温离心式增压叶轮设计领域,是一种气动优化、改进抽吸增压特性的有效手段。Through analyzing the aerodynamic design characteristics of helium cryogenic centrifugal cold compressor,this paper carried out numerical simulation research on the influence of centrifugal blade forward sweep profile on helium cryogenic cold compressor characteristics,and analyzed the influence law of forward sweep profile on cold compressor characteristics and its internal flow characteristics in detail.Research results show that the aerodynamic design of helium cryogenic cold compressor has three main characteristics:wide working margin under thermal load fluctuation,efficient supercharging under small size effect,small error design and simulation in extremely low temperature region.The swept forward blade achieves a 6%broadening of the working margin,providing effective gain with both efficiency and pressure ratio.The flow field of forward swept blade shows that formation area of shock wave and leakage vortex is relatively advanced in the flow passage.The intensity gradient of the loss effect caused by shock wave and secondary flow vortex groups decreases in the downstream flow passage,thus improving the flow state inside the impeller.At the same time,the swept forward blade can effectively improve the pressure ratio and stable working range of the cold compressor,and weaken the unstable flow.The application in the design of helium cryogenic centrifugal impeller is an effective means of aer-odynamic optimization and improvement of suction supercharging characteristics.

关 键 词：氦低温系统 离心冷压机 前掠叶型 流动特征 

分 类 号：TB652[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB663