深冷处理对5083铝合金的组织及性能的影响  

Effect of cryogenic treatment on microstructures and properties of 5083 aluminum alloys

作　　者：代卫丽 刘宝琪 朱建武 王帆 宋月红 刘彦峰[1,2,3] 韩茜[1,2] 张美丽[1,2] Dai Weili;Liu Baoqi;Zhu Jianwu;Wang Fan;Song Yuehong;Liu Yanfeng;Han Xi;Zhang Meili(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources,Shangluo University,Shangluo 726000,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Mineral Resources Clean&Efficient Conversion and New Materials,Shangluo University,Shangluo 726000,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]商洛学院陕西省尾矿资源综合利用重点实验室,商洛726000 [2]商洛学院陕西省矿产资源清洁高效转化与新材料工程研究中心,商洛726000 [3]西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710048

出　　处：《低温工程》2023年第3期57-64,共8页Cryogenics

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2019 JQ-156);陕西省教育厅重点科研计划(19JS026);商洛学院博士科研项目(17SKY019);商洛市高性能有色金属制备与加工技术创新团队(SK2019-75);商洛市科技研发计划一般项目(2020-Z-0079);材料腐蚀与防护四川省重点实验室开放基金资助(2021CL17)。

摘　　要：采用液相法和急冷急热的方法在-196℃下,深冷处理时间(6 h、24 h和28 h)和深冷处理次数(1次、2次、3次和5次)参数下对5083铝合金进行深冷处理。通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、涡流电导仪、万能试验机、电化学工作站等分别对5083铝合金的组织及力学性能、耐蚀性能等进行分析。研究结果表明:深冷处理能细化合金晶粒,且在深冷时间为6 h时,晶粒更加均匀细小且合金抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高至410.7 MPa和152.5 MPa,而电导率并无明显下降。同时,材料的自腐蚀电流较未处理的样品降低了65.7倍,电压提高了24.9%,阻抗弧半径增加,材料的耐腐蚀性能得到显著提高。深冷次数为2次时,试样的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能也得以提高。为了获得优良的力学和耐腐蚀性能的5083铝合金,可选择对其进行短时2次深冷或6 h单次深冷处理。Deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)has an important effect on the microstructures and properties of aluminum and aluminum alloy.The DCT of 5083 aluminum alloy was carried out by adjusting the DCT time(6 h,24 h and 28 h)and DCT cycle times(1,2,3 and 5)by liquid method and rapid cooling to-196℃and rapid rising to room temperature.The effects of the DCT on the microstructures and properties of 5083 aluminum alloys were studied by metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and eddy current conductivity meter.The corrosion behaviors of the alloys were monitored by electrochemical techniques.The results show that the grain size of the alloy can be refined by the DCT.After the DCT for 6 h,its grain size is finer and more uniform and the fine precipitates are distributed evenly in the matrix.Meanwhile,ten-sile strength and yield strength increased to 410.7 MPa and 152.5 MPa,respectively.Its electri-cal conductivity has a little change.Its corrosion current density is decreased by 65.7 times that of untreated samples,and the corresponding corrosion voltage is 24.9%higher and capacitive ARC radius is also higher than that of untreated samples,which improves significantly the corro-sion resistance.At the same time,when the cycle times is 2,the 5083 aluminum alloy has the same effect.In order to obtain 5083 aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance,the DCT with a cryogenic parameter of 2 h×2(2 times)or 6 h×1(1 time)can be adopted.

关 键 词：5083铝合金 深冷处理 组织 抗拉强度 耐腐蚀性能 

分 类 号：TB663[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TG17[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]