适宜铝土矿复垦土壤改良的固氮豆科植物筛选及固氮效应研究  

Screening of nitrogen-fixing legumes suitable for bauxite mine reclamation soil improvement and study on nitrogen-fixing effect

作　　者：李浩闻 叶丽丽[1] 陈永山 徐墨馨 蒋金平[1,3] LI Hao-wen;YE Li-lil;CHEN Yong-shan;XU Mo-xin;JIANG Jin-ping(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;School of Resources and Environmental Science,Quanzhou Normal University,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China;Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [2]泉州师范学院资源与环境科学学院,福建泉州362000 [3]桂林理工大学广西岩溶地区水污染控制用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第5期1011-1018,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297124)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适合改良铝土矿复垦土壤的豆科植物,为矿区农业可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】在广西平果铝土矿复垦土壤上盆栽田菁[Sesbania cannabina(Retz.)Poir.,SC]、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.,VC)、紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.,AS)、光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa Roth var.,VR)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.,MS)、柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis,SG)和小冠花(Coronilla varia L.,CV)7种豆科植物,测定各豆科植物的生物量、是否检出根瘤、营养元素含量、固氮效率、生物固氮量及土壤营养元素、钙和镁离子(Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+))及总铝(Al)和活性铝(Al^(3+))含量,通过主成分分析,筛选出适合铝土矿复垦土壤改良的豆科植物;建立偏最小二乘法路径模型(PLS-PM),探究影响铝土矿复垦土壤豆科植物生物固氮量的因素。【结果】在7种豆科植物中,光叶紫花苕的地上部生物量(0.344 g/pot)最大,紫云英的地下部生物量(1.961 g/pot)最大,小冠花的地上部生物量(0.387 g/pot)和地下部生物量(0.099 g/pot)均最小;田菁的氮(N,7.98%)、磷(P,2.999 g/kg)和钾(K,19.828 g/kg)含量均最高;在结瘤情况方面,仅田菁、紫云英和小冠花结有根瘤,其余豆科植物均未结出根瘤,其中,田菁的固氮效率(80.01%)和生物固氮量(0.077 g/pot)均最高。以植物养分含量、生物量、生物固氮量和固氮效率为评价因子对3种结瘤豆科植物进行的主成分分析结果表明,田菁的综合得分最高(2.30分)。PLS-PM路径分析结果表明,在铝土矿复垦土壤上种植豆科植物的生物固氮量受植物养分含量和土壤Al^(3+)含量直接影响,pH、土壤养分、植物类型通过影响植物养分含量和土壤Al^(3+)含量间接影响豆科植物的生物固氮量。【结论】田菁、紫云英和小冠花能在铝土矿复垦土壤中结瘤,提高铝土矿复垦土壤的pH、速效K、Al^(3+)和有机质含量及其本身的生物固氮量。综合评价认为,田菁是最适合在铝土【Objective】The present paper aimed to screen leguminous plants suitable for improving the soil of bauxite mine reclaimed soil and provide a reference basis for sustainable agricultural development in mining areas.【Method】Seven legumes, including Sesbania cannabina,Vicia sativa,Astragalus sinicus,V. villosa,Medicago sativa,Stylosanthes guianensis and Coronilla varia,were planted in the reclaimed soil of the Pingguo bauxite mine in Guangxi, and the biomass, presence of root nodules, nutrient content, nitrogen fixation efficiency, biological nitrogen fixation, soil nutrients, calcium and magnesium ion content, total aluminum and active aluminum content of each legume were determined. The legumes suitable for planting in bauxite mine reclamation soil were screened through principal component analysis, and a partial least squares path model(PLS-PM) was established to explore the factors that affected the biological nitrogen fixation of legumes in bauxite mine reclamation soil.【Result】Among the seven legumes, A. sinicus had the highest below-ground biomass(1.961 g/pot) and above-ground biomass(0.344 g/pot),C. varia had the lowest below-ground biomass(0.387 g/pot) and above-ground biomass(0.099 g/pot) while Sesbania had the highest N(7.98%),P(2.999 g/kg),and K(19.828 g/kg) contents. In terms of nodulation, only Sesbania,A.sinicus,and C. varia had root nodules, while the rest of the legumes did not nodulate. Among the three nodulated legumes, S. cannabina had the highest nitrogen fixation efficiency(80.01%) and biological nitrogen fixation(0.077 g/pot). Principal component analysis of three leguminous plants based on evaluation factors including plant nutrient content, biomass, biological nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen fixation efficiency as evaluation factors showed that comprehensive score of S. cannabina repens was the highest(2.30 points). PLS-PM pathway analysis showed that the biological nitrogen fixation of legumes in bauxite mine reclamation soil was directly influenced by plant nutrient content and

关 键 词：铝土矿 复垦土壤 豆科植物 生物固氮 固氮效率 

分 类 号：S142.2[农业科学—肥料学]