碱交代型铀矿地质地球化学特征及成矿规律  

The Geological,Geochemical Characteristics and Metallogenic Rules of the Alkaline Metasomatism Uranium Deposits

作　　者：钟军[1] 李子颖[1] 蔡煜琦[1] 虞航[1] Serhii Bondarenko 林陈雨 曹玉召 Volodymyr Belskyy ZHONG Jun;LI Ziying;CAI Yuqi;YU Hang;Serhii BONDARENKO;LIN Chenyu;CAO Yuzhao;Volodymyr BELSKYY(Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology CNNC Key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Exploration and Evaluation Technology,Beijing 100029,China;M.P.Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry,Mineralogy and Ore Formation,National Academy of Science of Ukraine,Palladina Avenue,34,03680 Kyiv,Ukraine;College of Resources and Civil Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;College of Geology and Mining Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumuqi Xinjiang 830047,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院中核集团铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室,北京100029 [2]M.P.Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry,Mineralogy and Ore Formation,National Academy of Science of Ukraine,Palladina Avenue,34,03680 Kyiv,Ukraine [3]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [4]新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《世界核地质科学》2023年第2期133-151,共19页World Nuclear Geoscience

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:41772082);国家重点研发计划(编号:2016YFE0206300);中核集团青年英才“菁英”项目(编号:地QNYC2201);中乌政府间科技交流项目(编号:国科外[2021]-13);国际原子能机构技术合作项目(编号:CPR2017)联合资助。

摘　　要：碱交代型铀矿床是一类低品位、大吨位的重要铀矿床类型,在国际原子能机构的15种铀矿分类中位列第四,具有重要的经济价值和研究意义。通过梳理总结世界主要超大型碱交代型铀矿区/矿床相关资料,较为系统地介绍了乌克兰地盾中部铀矿省、巴西拉戈雷尔矿区、澳大利亚艾萨山矿区、俄罗斯艾尔肯矿区和加拿大中央成矿带内碱交代型铀矿区/床地质地球化学特征;从成矿时代与构造背景、成矿特征共性及差异等多个方面总结了碱交代型铀成矿规律,初步提出该类矿床成因上是一类与造山运动相关的热液型矿床,同一成矿系统内既可发育早期中高温铀矿化,也可有晚期低温铀矿化形成;总结了该类矿床在构造、蚀变、特征矿物组合、物探异常和水化学异常等5方面的找矿标志,最后概略展望了我国碱交代型铀矿找矿方向,以期为我国碱交代型铀矿勘查评价提供有益借鉴,推动国内碱交代型铀矿的找矿新突破。The alkaline metasomatism uranium deposit is an important uranium deposit type with large tonnage and low grade.It is ranked as the 4th important of all the fifteen uranium deposit types proposed by IAEA,with great economic significance and research value.In this contribution,we present the geological and geochemical signatures of five representative super-large alkaline metasomatism type uranium deposits and/or districts,including the Central Ukraine Shield Uranium Province in Ukraine,Lagoa Real district in Brazil,Mountain Isa district in Australia,Elkon district in Russia and Central Mineralization Belt in Canada.The uranium metallogenic rules of the alkaline metasomatism type uranium deposits were summarized,covering their ore-forming time and tectonic setting,as well as the comparison of both the similarities and differences of the geological features,etc.The deposit was believed to be of the hydrothermal origin that are related to orogenesis,which could host both the early-stage high-medium temperature and late-stage low temperature uranium mineralization in the same mineralization system.Whereafter,the prospecting indicators of structure,alteration,diagnostic mineral assemblages,geophysical anomalies and underground water anomalies were summarized.In the last,the prospecting directions of the alkaline metasomatism uranium deposits in China were preliminarily analyzed so as to shed light on the uranium exploration and support prospecting breakthrough for this type deposit in new areas in China.

关 键 词：碱交代型 热液铀矿 成矿特征 成矿规律 找矿标志 造山作用 

分 类 号：P619.14[天文地球—矿床学] P612[天文地球—地质学]