马克思主义人权理论及其在中国的胜利  

Marxist Human Rights Theory and Its Victory in China

作　　者：刘海年[1,2] Liu Hainian

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院 [2]中国人权研究会

出　　处：《人权研究》2023年第2期1-46,共46页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：马克思主义人权理论是在批判地继承启蒙思想家人权观念的基础上,通过深刻揭露资产阶级人权的虚伪性和欺骗性的本质建立的。它指出无产阶级和人民要享有人权,必须进行革命,使自己上升为统治阶级,争得民主,实行社会主义,从而实现对资产阶级人权理论的根本性、历史性超越。中国共产党自成立就以马克思主义为指导,高举争人权的旗帜,为中国人民解放和享有人权而奋斗。无论是在新民主主义革命还是社会主义革命和建设时期,中国共产党都以人民为中心,将争取人权与争得政权密切结合,将争取政治权利与争得经济权利密切结合,坚持以生存权和发展权为首要的基本人权。党的十一届三中全会后,实行依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家,将党中央提出的尊重和保障人权确立为宪法原则,我国人权事业展现出新面貌。进入新时代,习近平同志继承毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛等历代领导人的人权理念,从人权理论到实践,从人权主体到各项人权,从国内人权建设到国际人权交流、斗争,积极参加全球人权治理,推进构建人类命运共同体,马克思主义人权理论发展进入新阶段。Marxist human rights theory is built on the basis of critically inheriting the human rights concept of enlightenment thinkers and deeply revealing the hypocritical and deceptive nature of bourgeois human rights.It points out that in order to enjoy human rights,the proletariat and people must carry out a revolution,raise themselves into the ruling class,win democracy and implement socialism,thus achieving a fundamental and historic transcendence of the bourgeois human rights theory.Since its founding,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has used Marxism as guidance,held high the banner of human rights,and fought for the liberation and human rights of Chinese people.In both the New-Democratic Revolution and the Socialist Revolution and Construction period,the CPC put the people at the center,closely integrated the struggle for human rights with the struggle for political power,closely integrated the struggle for political rights with the struggle for economic rights,and insisted on the rights to subsistence and development as the primary and basic human rights.After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee,law-based governance has been implemented,the socialist country under the rule of law has been constructed,and respecting and protecting human rights proposed by the CPC Central Committee has been established as a constitutional principle,based on which China’s human rights cause has taken on a new look.In the new era,President Xi Jinping inherits human rights idea of successive leaders such as Mao Zedong,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao.From human rights theory to practice,from human rights subjects to various human rights,and from domestic human rights construction to international human rights exchanges and struggles,with actively participating in global human rights governance and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for humanity,the development of Marxist human rights theory has entered a new stage.

关 键 词：马克思主义 人的全面发展 人权理论体系 中国革命与建设 党的领导 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D621.5[政治法律—政治学]