健康和脑损伤下小胶质细胞在成年海马神经发生中的调节作用  

Regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by microglia in the healthy and injured brain

作　　者：付兆霖 杨润梓 郝鹏[1] FU ZhaoLin;YANG RunZi;HAO Peng(School of Basic Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学基础医学院,北京100069

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2023年第6期775-788,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31900749)资助。

摘　　要：成年脑内终生存在持续性神经发生,该过程受多种内外因素的调节.小胶质细胞是脑内固有的免疫细胞,在维持脑稳态和脑的免疫调节方面起着重要作用.越来越多的研究显示,小胶质细胞通过吞噬作用清除细胞碎片,并通过与神经元的直接接触和/或释放可溶性因子影响成年海马神经发生.本文综述了在生理状态下,小胶质细胞如何调控成年海马神经干/祖细胞及新生神经元的不同阶段,进而调节神经发生.此外,本文还综述了在脑损伤条件下,海马神经发生和小胶质细胞形态功能的变化,以及如何通过干预小胶质细胞影响海马神经发生,为应用小胶质细胞促进脑的内源性修复提供理论依据.Persistent neurogenesis exists throughout life in the adult brain and is regulated by a variety of internal and external factors.Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain and play an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis and immune regulation.A growing number of studies have shown that microglia regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis through phagocytosis and direct interaction with neurons and/or the release of soluble factors.In this paper,we review how microglia modulate different stages of neural stem/progenitor cells and adult-born hippocampal neurons,and thus regulate neurogenesis in health.We also review the changes of neurogenesis and microglial morphology and functions after brain injury,and how microglia affect hippocampal neurogenesis under brain injury,providing theoretical basis for the application of microglia to promote endogenous repair in the brain.

关 键 词：小胶质细胞 海马 成年神经发生 脑损伤 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]