植物多糖研究进展:功能活性及潜在机制  

Research progress of plant polysaccharides:functional activities and potential mechanisms

作　　者：武晓艳 叶钰怡 任文凯 李兆栋[1] 印遇龙 吴鸿[1,2] WU XiaoYan;YE YuYi;REN WenKai;LI ZhaoDong;YIN YuLong;WU Hong(State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广州510642 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125 [3]华南农业大学,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2023年第6期808-824,共17页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(批准号:2020B020221001);国家自然科学基金(批准号:31922079,31872365);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(批准号:2019B1515210002)资助。

摘　　要：植物多糖广泛分布于自然界中各植物类群之中.温度、酸碱度、酶、能量(微波、超声)等不同的提取方式会导致植物多糖提取物具有不同的分子量、形态等特征,最终可能会影响其生物活性.随着提取、分离、纯化等技术的进步和结构特征的解析,发现植物多糖具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗糖尿病、改善机体免疫等多种活性功能.本文总结了近年来比较热门的植物多糖研究,重点阐述植物多糖的生物活性功能以及潜在的作用机制.植物多糖的作用机制涉及其自身复杂的构效关系和宿主免疫调控.其中,NF-κB、PI3K/AKT、MAPK等经典炎症信号通路,免疫器官、免疫细胞以及肠道微生物均参与了植物多糖维持宿主健康.总之,植物多糖提取方式、结构特征、活性功能及其作用机制的解析推动了基础研究的进一步深入,有助于植物多糖更好的开发利用,对疾病防治和人类健康维护意义重大.Plant polysaccharides are widely distributed in various plant groups in nature.Different extraction methods such as temperature,pH,enzymes,energy(microwave,ultrasound)will lead to different molecular weight,morphology and other characteristics of plant polysaccharide during extracts,which may ultimately affect their biological activity.With the progress of extraction,separation,purification technologies and the analysis of structural characteristics,it was found that plant polysaccharides have various active functions such as anti-tumor,anti-virus,anti-diabetic,and improving immunity.This paper summarizes the most popular research on plant polysaccharides in recent years,focusing on the bioactive functions and potential mechanisms of plant polysaccharides.The active mechanism of plant polysaccharides involves its own complex structure-activity relationship and host immune regulation.Among them,NF-xB,PI3K/AKT,MAPK and other classic inflammatory signaling pathways,immune organs,immune cells and intestinal microbes are all involved in plant polysaccharides to maintain host health.In conclusion,the analysis of plant polysaccharide extraction methods,structural characteristics,active functions and potential mechanisms promotes further fundamental research,contributes to the better development and utilization of plant polysaccharides,and is of great significance for disease control and human health maintenance.

关 键 词：植物多糖 提取方法 生物活性 构效关系 免疫调节 

分 类 号：Q949.9[生物学—植物学]